How to identify fraudulent emails like "Fund Donation"

What is "Fund Donation"?

Upon examining this email, we concluded that it is a scam email written by scammers who aim to trick recipients into transferring money (or providing information). This particular email falls into the category of advance-fee scams. These scams typically involve fraudsters claiming that you are entitled to a substantial inheritance or unclaimed funds.

More about the "Fund Donation" scam email

The email claims to be from Mr. Eduardo Guadalupe, the personal lawyer of the deceased Mr. Jorge Antonio. It states that Mr. Antonio, who allegedly died in a fatal accident on April 15, 2022, had no heirs. The email asserts that before his death, Mr. Antonio made a will directing his USD 10.5 million estate to be donated to individuals, charities, orphanages, or businesspersons for investment purposes.

The scammer then issue a call to action, urging the recipient to express interest by replying to the email. To add an air of legitimacy, the sender offers to provide information about the bank responsible for transferring the funds.

The ultimate goal of this scam is to lure recipients into responding, at which point they may be asked to share sensitive personal details (like credit card details) or make payments to cover supposed fees related to the inheritance transfer. Therefore, individuals must exercise caution and refrain from engaging with such emails.

Similar scam emails in general

In conclusion, emails promising unexpected financial gains, inheritances, or donations should be approached with extreme caution, as they often serve as vehicles for advance-fee scams or phishing attempts.

Recognizing common elements such as unsolicited communication, emotional manipulation, requests for personal information, and the absence of verifiable details is crucial in identifying fraudulent intent.

Examples of similar scams are "Donations For Gaza Strip", "INTERNATIONALE SPANISCHE ONLINE-LOTTERIE", and "Moving Funds Out Of Niger Email Scam". It is important to know that emails sent by cybercriminals can be used to deliver malware.

How do spam campaigns infect computers?

Users can inadvertently cause computer infections via email through actions such as clicking malicious links or downloading (and opening) infected attachments. Clicking on links within these emails may lead to malicious websites designed to exploit vulnerabilities in the user's browser or download malware onto their system.

Similarly, downloading seemingly harmless attachments can introduce malware onto the user's computer. Typically, cybercriminals employ executables, documents, ISO files, and archives to trick users into infecting computers.

How to avoid installation of malware?

Exercise caution with unsolicited emails, especially those with attachments or links. Avoid interacting with the contents of suspicious emails. Install reputable antivirus and anti-malware software on your computer and keep it up to date. Regularly scan your system for potential threats.

Also, regularly update your operating system, web browsers, and other applications. Do not trust advertisements, pop-ups, and links on suspicious websites. Do not download pirated software or unofficial tools that are supposed to activate legitimate software.

If you have already opened malicious attachments, we recommend running a scan with Combo Cleaner Antivirus for Windows to automatically eliminate infiltrated malware.

Text presented in the "Fund Donation" email letter:

Subject: FUND DONATION ..14

ATTENTION SIR/MADAM,

FUND DONATION

I am the personal lawyer to late Mr. Jorge Antonio who died on the 15th of April, 2022 by fatal accident.

He has no Son none Daughter to inherited his wealth after he will passed away.
Before he died, he made a WILL that all his property/estate value $10.5m USD should be donated to individual or charity or  charity organization or to the orphanage or orphanage home or to any business man or woman for investment purpose.

He finally died on the 15th of April, 2022.
As a personal attorney to my late client, I am contacting you for the same proposed (WILL) made by my late client Mr. Jorge Antonio.

Please NOTE:

If you are interested, kindly reply back to this message so that I can give you the information of the bank that will transfer the fund to your bank account.

Thanks you.

Mr. Eduardo Guadalupe.
Solicitor and Legal Practitioner.

Another example of an email from "Fund Donation" spam campaign:

Text presented within:

Subject: FUND DONATION

 

ATTENTION SIR/MADAM,

FUND DONATION

Good day and compliments of the season, I am sincerely sorry for reaching through this method, my name is Eduardo Guadalupe Esq, I am the personal lawyer to the late Mr. Jorge Antonio who died on the 15th of April, 2022 by fatal accident.

He has no Son no Daughter or wife to inherit his estate (wealth) but before he died, he made a WILL that all his property/estate value $10.5m USD should be donated to the less privileged individual or  charity organization or to the orphanage homes or to any business man or woman for investment purposes.

He died on the 15th of April, 2022.

As a personal attorney to my late client, I am contacting you for the same proposed (WILL) made by my late client Mr. Jorge Antonio to stand in as the next of kin to claim his estate after which we will share the properties according to agreement.

Please NOTE:

If you are interested, kindly reply back to this message so that I can give you the information of the bank that will transfer the funds to your bank account.

Thank you.

Mr. Eduardo Guadalupe.
Solicitor and Legal Practitioner.

Another example of an email from "Fund Donation" spam campaign:

Text presented within:

Subject: Re: 80 M i l l i o n US D o l l a r s Inheritance For You..

 

Reply-To: Ms. Joan R. Gates
Email: joangates66752@hotmail.com

Greetings to you.
 
I am Ms. Joan Robert Gates, a philantropist to motherless children and orphanage homes. I got your email address from an email directory as the right person to contact regarding this matter. I am a 4th stage cancer of the lungs patient and widow, since my doctor said i have a very short time to live, i am now donating the funds of my late husband and I to any good charity homes and orphanages of your choice and the funds will go directly to you as the beneficiary. The funds amount is $80,000,000 (80 million US Dollars and is deposited in a bank which i will reveal to you later in your next reply to me. You should send your details to me so I can issue the immediate authorization letter to the bank where the funds is deposited to release the funds to you as I might be gone very soon.

Once again the following details is needed for full authorization by me.

Your Full Name:
 
Your City & Country:
 
Your Age:

Male/Female
 
I await your urgent reply.
 
Best Regards,
Ms. Joan R. Gates
Email: joangates66752@hotmail.com

Yet another example of an email from "Fund Donation" spam campaign:

Text presented within:

Subject: donación

 

Hello,
I am Judith R. Faulkner, founder of Epic Systems, investor and CEO of Epic Systems. I am one of the owners of Epic Systems. I have donated 30 percent of my personal wealth to charity. And I have also promised to donate the remaining 30% to individuals in 2024. I have decided to donate 1,500,000.00 euros to you. To claim these funds, reply to the following email: officialjudithfaulkner@outlook.com
with this activity code: JDR7078.
Congratulations

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Types of malicious emails:

If you opened an attachment or downloaded a file from a suspicious email, run a full system scan with Combo Cleaner. If you only received the email and didn't engage with it, you don't need to scan anything - just identify the scam and delete it. The full procedure below covers both situations and what to do if you already clicked, replied, or sent money.

Credential theft Phishing emails

Fake login pages disguised as PayPal, Microsoft, Apple, banks, or social networks. The email pushes a link to a near-perfect copy of the real login screen. The moment you type your username and password, the attacker has them.

Common subject lines

• "Action required: confirm your account"
• "Your password expires today"
• "Unusual sign-in attempt detected"
• "Verify your billing information"

Malware delivery Emails with malicious attachments

Trojans hidden inside fake invoices, faxes, shipping confirmations, or Office documents. Opening the attachment runs the payload and infects the system - often with an info-stealer or remote-access trojan.

Common subject lines

• "Invoice INV-2026-XXXX attached"
• "Fax received - 3 pages"
• "Your shipping document is ready"
• "Voicemail from +1-XXX-XXX-XXXX"

Extortion Sextortion emails

Fake claims of webcam recordings demanding cryptocurrency. Almost always a bluff: the attacker pulls a real password from an old data breach to make the threat look credible, then claims to have video of you. They have no recording and no access.

Common subject lines

• "I know your password is XXXX"
• "Your account has been hacked"
• "I have recorded you - 48 hours to pay"
• "You have been compromised"

Callback fraud Refund & callback scams

"Your subscription was renewed for $499 - call to cancel." Norton, McAfee, Geek Squad, PayPal, and Wells Fargo variants are all common. There's no real subscription. The phone number in the email connects directly to the scammer, who walks you through "refunding" yourself - which is actually them stealing money from your bank.

Common subject lines

• "Norton subscription auto-renewed - $499.99"
• "McAfee Total Protection invoice"
• "Geek Squad order confirmation"
• "Your PayPal payment is being processed"

Credential theft Account suspension & verification scams

"Your account will be deleted in 24 hours - verify now." The artificial deadline is the whole point: it pressures you to click before checking details. The "verify" link goes to a phishing page styled to look like the real provider.

Common subject lines

• "Your account will be deleted in 24 hours"
• "Suspicious activity detected - verify now"
• "Final warning: account closure"
• "Action required to keep your account active"

Mixed payload Delivery & package scams

Fake DHL, USPS, UPS, or FedEx tracking, customs fees, or "package undeliverable" notices. Targets anyone expecting a parcel - the timing alone catches many people. The link hides either phishing (asking for card details to "release" the package) or a malware download.

Common subject lines

• "Your DHL package is held at customs"
• "USPS - delivery attempt failed"
• "FedEx tracking update - action required"
• "Pay $2.99 redelivery fee to release your parcel"

Remote access Tech support scams

Fake Microsoft, Apple, or "Windows Defender" security alerts pushing a phone number. Real Microsoft and Apple never email a phone number to call. The number connects you to a scammer who asks for remote access to "fix" the imaginary problem and then demands payment.

Common subject lines

• "Microsoft Defender expired - renew now"
• "Apple ID security alert"
• "Critical: virus detected on your PC"
• "Windows license expired - call now"

Wire fraud Advance-fee scams

Inheritance, lottery wins, romance, or business deals that ask for a small fee to release a much larger sum. The classic "Nigerian prince" 419 family of frauds. Once you pay the first fee, more fees appear (taxes, lawyer, transfer charges) until you stop paying. The promised money never exists.

Common subject lines

• "Inheritance from a relative you didn't know about"
• "You won the international lottery"
• "URGENT - business proposal worth $XX million"
• "Compensation fund release for fraud victims"

Wire fraud Business email compromise (BEC)

CEO impersonation asking employees to wire money or buy gift cards, or fake supplier invoices with newly "updated" bank details for payment redirection. The email often spoofs a real internal executive's display name and uses an external lookalike domain.

Common subject lines

• "Quick task - need you to buy gift cards"
• "Updated banking details for invoice payment"
• "Wire transfer request - urgent"
• "Are you available?" (CEO impersonation opener)

How to spot a malicious email?

Phase 1~ 2 min

Spot - identify the red flags

---

1

Check the sender's actual address, not the display name

30 sec

The display name (the human-readable part) is trivial to fake. Always check the full address that comes after it. Common red flags:

• Domain mismatch - service@paypa1.com, support@micros0ft-help.com, look-alike domains using digits or extra hyphens
• Free-email impersonation - any "official" message from a bank, courier, or platform sent from a @gmail.com, @outlook.com, or @yahoo.com address
• Reply-To mismatch - the From address looks legitimate but Reply-To points somewhere completely different

Why this matters

Real companies own their domains and send mail from them. A "DHL" message from a Gmail address is never legitimate, regardless of how convincing the body looks.

2

Watch for urgency, threats, and generic greetings

30 sec

Scams almost always rush you. The point is to make you act before you think. Treat any of the following as a strong signal:

• "Your account will be deleted in 24 hours"
• "Final notice" / "Immediate action required"
• "Dear Customer" or "Dear User" instead of your real name
• Threats of fines, account closure, legal action, or arrest
• Promises of refunds, prizes, or money you didn't earn
• Spelling and grammar mistakes in messages claiming to come from a major brand

3

Hover over every link before clicking

30 sec

On a desktop, hover the mouse over the link without clicking. The real destination shows in the bottom-left status bar of your browser or email client. On a phone, long-press the link to preview the URL.

• Real Microsoft, PayPal, or bank links go to those exact domains, not redirects through unrelated sites
• Shortened URLs (bit.ly, tinyurl, t.co) hide the real destination - never click them in unsolicited mail
• The visible link text and the actual URL must match - mismatches are the single biggest phishing red flag

Pro tip

When in doubt, don't click the link. Open a new browser tab and type the company's address yourself, then log in normally. If there really is an issue with your account, you'll see it there.

4

Treat unexpected attachments as hostile

30 sec

If you didn't ask for the file, don't open it - even if it appears to come from someone you know. Categories that should never be opened from email without verification through another channel:

• .exe, .scr, .iso, .img, .vbs, .bat - executables, never legitimate attachments
• .docx, .xlsx, .pptx with "Enable macros" prompts - the macros run the malware
• .pdf with "Click here to view" buttons - usually a phishing redirect, not a real document
• .zip, .rar, .7z archives, especially password-protected ones - the password defeats the email scanner

Phase 2~ 2 min

Report and delete - if you haven't engaged

---

If you only received the email and didn't reply, click, or open anything, the steps below are all you need. Your computer is not infected.

5

Don't reply, don't click "unsubscribe"

30 sec

Replying confirms your address is real and monitored, which gets you added to higher-value scam lists. The "unsubscribe" link in a scam message is rarely a real opt-out - it usually leads to a phishing page or downloads a tracking pixel.

Instead, mark the message as junk or phishing inside your email client (this trains the spam filter), then block the sender.

6

Report the scam to your email provider and authorities

1 min

Inside your email client:

• Gmail: open the message → ⋮ menu → Report phishing
• Outlook / Outlook.com: ⋯ menu → Report → Report phishing
• Apple Mail / iCloud: Move to Junk, then forward to reportphishing@apple.com

Forward or report to authorities:

• International: forward to reportphishing@apwg.org
• United States: ic3.gov (FBI)
• United Kingdom: forward phishing emails to report@phishing.gov.uk (NCSC SERS); for financial loss report at reportfraud.police.uk (Report Fraud, the successor to Action Fraud; 0300 123 2040)
• Canada: antifraudcentre.ca
• Australia: scamwatch.gov.au
• EU: your national CERT - find yours via the ENISA CSIRT map

After reporting, delete the email and empty the Trash folder so you don't accidentally open it later.

Phase 3~ 10–60 min

Recover - if you already engaged with the scam

---

Pick the step below that matches what you did. If multiple apply, work through them in the order they appear - the steps are arranged from lowest to highest risk.

7

You only clicked a link (didn't enter anything or download anything)

Scenario: clicked link only10 min

Close the page right away. Don't enter any information, even if the page looks legitimate.

• Clear your browser cache and cookies for the last hour - Chrome/Edge: Ctrl+Shift+Del → Last hour → check Cookies and Cached files
• Run a quick scan with Combo Cleaner in case the page tried to drop a file silently (drive-by download)
• Update your browser to the latest version - most drive-by exploits target outdated browsers
• Watch for new browser pop-ups, redirects, or unfamiliar notifications over the next few days

Why this matters

Modern browsers block most drive-by attacks, but a single click on a phishing page can still be enough on an outdated browser or unpatched plugin. A quick scan catches anything that landed silently.

8

You opened an attachment or downloaded a file - run a full malware scan

Scenario: opened attachment⚠ Highest risk60–90 min

Opening an attachment is the most common path to actual infection. Treat the system as compromised until the scans below come back clean. Work through these sub-steps in order:

8.1Disconnect from the network

Unplug Ethernet and turn off Wi-Fi. If the attachment was an info-stealer or remote-access trojan, this stops it from sending data out or receiving commands. Keep the network off until you've booted into Safe Mode (next step) - you'll reconnect there briefly to download the scanners.

8.2Boot into Safe Mode with Networking, then download the scanners

Windows 11: Settings → System → Recovery → Advanced startup → Restart now → Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings → Restart → press 5 or F5.

Windows 10: hold Shift, click Power → Restart → Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings → Restart → press F5.

Once Safe Mode has loaded, turn Wi-Fi back on and download Combo Cleaner (used in 8.4) and Microsoft Safety Scanner (used in 8.5). Safe Mode loads only minimal drivers, so most malware can't auto-run while you're getting the tools. Save both installers to your Desktop.

8.3Run Microsoft Defender Offline

Reboot to normal Windows. Open Windows Security → Virus & threat protection → Scan options. Select Microsoft Defender Antivirus (offline scan) and click Scan now. The PC restarts into a stripped-down environment and scans the disk before Windows fully loads - this is what catches rootkits and bootkits.

Recommended antivirus

Combo Cleaner

VB100 certified. Includes anti-trojan, registry/persistence scanning, and anti-spyware in one pass. The 7-day free trial is available.

Download Combo Cleaner

8.4Run a full Combo Cleaner scan

Install Combo Cleaner and run a full system scan (not the quick scan). Let it complete fully, review what it found, and apply the recommended actions. Combo Cleaner will quarantine known trojans and remove their persistence in the registry.

8.5Run Microsoft Safety Scanner as a second-opinion scan

Download Microsoft Safety Scanner (MSERT.exe). The binary expires every 10 days, which means every download has the latest signatures. Run a full scan after Combo Cleaner to catch anything one engine alone might miss.

8.6Reset browsers and clear notification permissions

Many email-borne trojans drop adware that hijacks browsers. Reset each browser you use:

Chrome: chrome://settings/reset → Restore settings to their original defaults. Then chrome://settings/content/notifications - remove unfamiliar sites.

Edge: edge://settings/reset. Then edge://settings/content/notifications.

Firefox: about:support → Refresh Firefox.

8.7Re-enable Defender, Tamper Protection, and update everything

Open Windows Security → Virus & threat protection → Manage settings and confirm Real-time protection, Cloud-delivered protection, and Tamper Protection are all on. Then run Settings → Windows Update → Check for updates and update browsers and applications.

Important

If the scans keep finding new threats on each run, or files reappear after deletion, you may have a deeper compromise that needs a clean Windows reinstall. See pcrisk's full manual malware removal guide for the extended procedure (Process Explorer, Autoruns, hosts file inspection).

9

You entered credentials on a fake login page

Scenario: shared password⚠ Act fast20 min

Assume the attacker has your password and is using it right now. Speed matters.

1. Change the password from a different, known-clean device (your phone is fine if it's not infected). Don't reuse the old password anywhere else.
2. Enable two-factor authentication if you haven't already. Prefer an authenticator app or hardware key over SMS.
3. Sign out of all sessions - most platforms have a "sign out everywhere" option in security settings, which kicks the attacker out.
4. Review recent activity - look for unfamiliar logins, new devices, forwarding rules, or app permissions. Remove anything you don't recognize.
5. Check your other accounts - if you reused that password anywhere else, change it there too. Check your exposure at haveibeenpwned.com.
6. Update security questions - the attacker may have seen the answers in your account profile.

Why email comes first

If you only have time to change one password, change your primary email password - it's the recovery hub for every other account. An attacker who controls your email can reset everything else.

10

You sent money or shared bank, card, or ID details

Scenario: financial loss⚠ Contact bank now30 min

Time is the single biggest factor in recovering money. Banks can sometimes recall a wire or reverse a card transaction within the first few hours.

1. Call your bank or card issuer immediately. Use the number on the back of the card, not any number from the scam email. Ask them to freeze the card, reverse the transaction if possible, and flag the account for fraud monitoring.
2. If you sent a wire transfer or used a money-transfer service (Western Union, MoneyGram, Zelle, Wise), call them directly and request a recall. Some can be reversed within minutes if reported fast.
3. If you sent cryptocurrency or gift cards, recovery is unlikely - but report it anyway, since law enforcement tracks these patterns.
4. File a police report. You'll need the report number for any insurance, bank, or credit-bureau claim. Save the report number.
5. File with the right authority for your country:
   • US: ic3.gov + reportfraud.ftc.gov
   • UK: reportfraud.police.uk (Report Fraud, the successor to Action Fraud; 0300 123 2040)
   • Canada: antifraudcentre.ca
   • Australia: scamwatch.gov.au
   • EU: your national CERT or police cybercrime unit
6. Set fraud alerts on all major credit bureaus if you shared any ID details. US: Equifax, Experian, TransUnion. UK: Experian, Equifax, TransUnion (Cifas Protective Registration is a stronger option).
7. Save all evidence - the original email (with full headers), screenshots of the fake site, transaction records, any phone numbers or chat logs.

Phase 4~ 15 min + 30 days

Verify & monitor

---

11

Final scan and startup-app check

15 min

Reconnect to the network and run one final full scan with Combo Cleaner, followed by a Windows Defender quick scan. Then open Task Manager (Ctrl + Shift + Esc) and switch to Startup apps - disable anything unfamiliar.

Make sure Windows, browsers, and any applications you use are fully up to date. The infection vector that worked on you once usually involves outdated software.

12

Monitor accounts and credit for 30 days

5 min/day · 30 days

Most fraud follow-ups land in the first month. Until that window closes, keep watching:

• Bank and card statements - daily for the first week, then weekly
• Email - watch for password-reset confirmations or login alerts you didn't trigger
• Credit report - US: free at annualcreditreport.com; UK: Experian, Equifax, TransUnion all have free tiers
• Breach alerts - sign up at haveibeenpwned.com to be notified when your email appears in new leaks

If anything new appears in any of those, treat it as a continuing compromise: change passwords again, contact the bank again, and update the police report.

Important: If you didn't click anything, didn't reply, and didn't open any attachment, your computer is not infected - just delete the email and move on. If you opened an attachment or downloaded a file, run an automated scan with Combo Cleaner and Windows Defender and stop there. That path catches the vast majority of email-borne malware without the risk of breaking Windows by deleting the wrong file.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Why did I receive this email?

Receiving a scam email can result from various factors, but it frequently stems from broad and non-selective efforts by cybercriminals. These individuals employ automated tools to create and dispatch emails to a wide audience, aiming to reach as many potential targets as possible.

I have provided my personal information when tricked by this email, what should I do?

If you have unwittingly provided personal information in response to an advanced-fee scam email, stop any further communication with the scammer. Also, report the incident to your local law enforcement and bank (if the provided information includes credit card details).

I have downloaded and opened a malicious file attached to an email, is my computer infected?

Absolutely, if the file was an executable, then the risk of infection is significant. However, in the case of a document file (.pdf, .doc, or the like), there is a possibility that you may have sidestepped the infection, as simply accessing the document might not be adequate for malware to compromise the system.

I have sent cryptocurrency to the address presented in such email, can I get my money back?

Unfortunately, retrieving cryptocurrency sent to scammers is extremely challenging. Cryptocurrency transactions are irreversible by design, and once the funds have been transferred, they are typically beyond recovery.

I have read the email but did not open the attachment, is my computer infected?

Simply opening an email poses no threat. The risk of system infections occurs when one clicks on links embedded in the email or opens attached files.

Will Combo Cleaner remove malware infections that were present in email attachment?

Combo Cleaner has the ability to identify and eradicate almost all known malware. It is necessary to note that sophisticated malware often conceals itself deeply within the system. Thus, a full system scan should be performed to eliminate malware of this kind.