Avoid getting scammed by fake "Irrevocable Payment Order" emails

What kind of email is "Irrevocable Payment Order"?

After reading the "Irrevocable Payment Order" email, we determined that it is spam. This fake letter claims that funds were withheld from the recipient due to banker corruption. Following an investigation, it was decided to immediately release the exorbitant amount of money to the recipient once they verified their identity.

This phishing mail targets personally identifiable information and may also seek to trick victims into sending funds to scammers.

"Irrevocable Payment Order" email scam overview

The scam email with the subject "Compensation" (may vary) is presented as a missive from the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) – one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN).

The letter states that an investigation has been undertaken to learn why the recipient had not yet received their funds. It was uncovered that the recipient and another 367 victims had their funds withheld by corrupt banking officials who had been trying to divert the money into their private accounts.

The World Bank Group (WBG) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have issued a guarantee for the fund release. The recipient will be sent an "ATM MASTER GOLD CARD" with 1.5 million USD on it. Personally identifiable information must be verified, and the claims agent has to be contacted to ensure the successful delivery of the card.

It must be emphasized that all the information provided by this email is false, and this mail is not associated with any real public figures, ECOSOC, UN, WBG, IMF, or any other legitimate entities.

This spam email targets recipients' names, addresses, and telephone numbers. This information alone can be used for a variety of nefarious activities, but the "Irrevocable Payment Order" letter also entreats recipients to contact the scammers.

What the cyber criminals will ask of victims can vary – however, the scam will carry significant risks regardless of its modus operandi. Scammers often request payment for bogus reasons, such as settling taxes or paying for shipping, processing, documentation, etc.

Typically, difficult-to-trace methods are used to acquire funds (e.g., cryptocurrencies, gift cards, pre-paid vouchers, cash hidden in packages and shipped, etc.). By relying on these methods, criminals lower the chances of successful prosecution and of victims getting their money back.

To summarize, by trusting an email like "Irrevocable Payment Order" – users can experience severe privacy issues, financial losses, and even identity theft.

Phishing spam campaign examples

"Phone Number Was Added To Your Account", "Wells Fargo - Unusual Account Activity", "Organizing A Foundation", "Password Nearing Expiration", and "Donation Of Crypto Funds" are merely some of our articles on phishing emails. This mail primarily seeks personally identifiable data, account log-in credentials, and finance-related information.

Various scams are promoted via spam, and it is used to proliferate malware. While the commonly held belief that these emails are full of errors is not untrue, it is not always the case. This mail can appear incredibly legitimate and even believably mimic messages from genuine organizations, companies, service providers, institutions, authorities, and other entities.

How do spam campaigns infect computers?

Spam campaigns are prevalent in malware distribution. Deceptive emails/messages can include infectious files as attachments or download links. These files can be documents (PDF, Microsoft Office, Microsoft OneNote, etc.), archives (ZIP, RAR, etc.), executables (.exe, .run, etc.), JavaScript, and so forth.

Once a malicious file is opened – the malware download/installation chain is triggered. Some formats need additional interaction to initiate infection processes. For example, Microsoft Office files require users to enable macro commands (i.e., editing/content, while OneNote documents need them to click embedded links/files.

How to avoid installation of malware?

We recommend caution with incoming emails, DMs/PMs, SMSes, and other messages. Attachments or links in suspect/irrelevant mail must not be opened, as they can be virulent.

However, malware is proliferated using various techniques. Therefore, we advise vigilance when browsing, as the Internet is full of well-disguised fraudulent and malicious content.

Another recommendation is to download only from official and verified channels. Additionally, all programs must be activated and updated using legitimate functions/tools, as illegal activation ("cracking") tools and third-party updates can contain malware.

We must stress the importance of having a dependable anti-virus installed and kept updated. Security software must be used to perform regular system scans and to remove threats/issues. If you've already opened malicious attachments, we recommend running a scan with Combo Cleaner Antivirus for Windows to automatically eliminate infiltrated malware.

Text presented in the "Irrevocable Payment Order" spam email letter:

Subject: Compensation

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
OHCHR ADDRESS:
OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (OHCHR)
PALAIS WILSON 52 RUE DES PÂQUIS CH-1201 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND.

IRREVOCABLE PAYMENT ORDER
Greetings***** ,

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner For Human Rights (Ohchr) has investigated why you have not yet received your funds.

The World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have issued an irrevocable payment guarantee in your favor today.

 

In which United Nations for Human rights and International Monetary Fund (IMF) European Cooperate Office have received all the overdue outstanding payment owed to the following firms, Contract, Inheritance Next of Kin and Lottery Beneficiaries that was originated from Europe, Americans, African, Asian Including Middle East. And to reconcile all debts on foreign Contractor who was swindled by Fraudster/Scammers.

We are about to release your compensation payment via ATM MASTER GOLD CARD which is functional in any ATM Machine in the world with the use of your pin code. This compensation is for those who are selected from scam victim list on our database. Your name is among of 367 Victims listed to be compensated by World Bank/IMF via ATM CARD each valued payment of US$1,500,000.00 (ONE Million ,Five Hundred Thousand United States Dollars Only) has been unnecessarily Delayed by corrupt officials of the Bank who are Trying to divert your funds into their private accounts.

To forestall this, security for your funds was organized in the form of your personal Identification and this will enable only you to have direct Control over your funds in your bank account. We will monitor this payment ourselves via SECURITY FINANCE CORPORATION to avoid the hopeless situation created by officials of the bank.

 

You are therefore advice to contact your claim agent below;

Contact Person: Mr.Michael Malakasa
PHONE: +27605970830
E-mail: malakasa.mic@yandex.com, jfdesignerevent@gmail.com
AMOUNT in ATM CARD: US$1,500,000.00

But daily Withdraw Limit would be US$25,000.00 (Twenty Five Thousand Dollars) or its equivalent to any currency depend which nation you are residing at the moment If you like to receive your fund this way please let us know by contacting the card payment centre and also send the following information:

1. Your Full Name:
2. Address
3. Telephone Numbers:

 

DR. Phil Petek
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE

1 Data are provided by international agencies of the United Nations system and other international organizations. The full list of contributing organizations will be made available at: hxxp://unstats.un.org/sdgs/.
2 A supplementary document (in English only) containing the statistical annex of global and regional data for the Sustainable Development Goal indicators, based on the latest available data, is available from: ttp://unstats.un.org/sdgs/.

Appearance of the "Irrevocable Payment Order" spam email (GIF):

Another example of an email from "Irrevocable Payment Order" spam campaign:

Text presented within:

Subject: RE Compensation
From:
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MOVEMENT

1775 K ST NW # 400, NEW YORK 20006-1500,

UNITED STATES

IRREVOCABLE PAYMENT ORDER

Dear -.

This is to officially inform you that we have verified your contract /inheritance/Winning file and found out why you have not received your payment ,reason because you are still dealing with some None Officials/Ex-staff of the bank, which made your entire attempt to secure the release of your fund abortive.

We wish to advise that such illegal act have to be stopped by you, if you wish to receive your payment since we have decided to bring a solution to your problem.

During the course of our investigation, we discovered with dismay that payment of US$1,500,000.00 (ONE Million Five Hundred United States Dollars only) part payment has been unnecessarily delayed by corrupt officials of the Bank who are Trying to divert your funds into their private accounts.

We will monitor this payment ourselves to avoid the hopeless situation created by officials of the bank.

You are therefore advice to contact your claim agent for your MASTER ATM GOLD CARD below;

CONTACT PERSON: MR .MICHAEL MALAKASA

DIRECT PHONE: +443300010099

E-MAIL: malakasa.mic@yandex.com, jfdesignerevent@gmail.com

PAYOUT AMOUNT: US$1,500,000.00- (One Million, Five Hundred Thousand United States Dollars Only)

1. Your Full Names:

2. Address:

3. Telephone/ Fax Numbers:

4. Copy of Identification for payment:

5. Country of Origin:

Note: Due to imposters, we request you present this reference code to the ATM Card officer ATM/UNSCXX0X5X9X3X24 when contacting him

Please make sure that your reply goes through any of the ATM Director email as stated above. We are sorry for PAIN you must have gone through.

On behalf of UNITED NATIONS

Yours Sincerely

DR. RHAI SAI

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE

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Types of malicious emails:

If you opened an attachment or downloaded a file from a suspicious email, run a full system scan with Combo Cleaner. If you only received the email and didn't engage with it, you don't need to scan anything - just identify the scam and delete it. The full procedure below covers both situations and what to do if you already clicked, replied, or sent money.

Credential theft Phishing emails

Fake login pages disguised as PayPal, Microsoft, Apple, banks, or social networks. The email pushes a link to a near-perfect copy of the real login screen. The moment you type your username and password, the attacker has them.

Common subject lines

• "Action required: confirm your account"
• "Your password expires today"
• "Unusual sign-in attempt detected"
• "Verify your billing information"

Malware delivery Emails with malicious attachments

Trojans hidden inside fake invoices, faxes, shipping confirmations, or Office documents. Opening the attachment runs the payload and infects the system - often with an info-stealer or remote-access trojan.

Common subject lines

• "Invoice INV-2026-XXXX attached"
• "Fax received - 3 pages"
• "Your shipping document is ready"
• "Voicemail from +1-XXX-XXX-XXXX"

Extortion Sextortion emails

Fake claims of webcam recordings demanding cryptocurrency. Almost always a bluff: the attacker pulls a real password from an old data breach to make the threat look credible, then claims to have video of you. They have no recording and no access.

Common subject lines

• "I know your password is XXXX"
• "Your account has been hacked"
• "I have recorded you - 48 hours to pay"
• "You have been compromised"

Callback fraud Refund & callback scams

"Your subscription was renewed for $499 - call to cancel." Norton, McAfee, Geek Squad, PayPal, and Wells Fargo variants are all common. There's no real subscription. The phone number in the email connects directly to the scammer, who walks you through "refunding" yourself - which is actually them stealing money from your bank.

Common subject lines

• "Norton subscription auto-renewed - $499.99"
• "McAfee Total Protection invoice"
• "Geek Squad order confirmation"
• "Your PayPal payment is being processed"

Credential theft Account suspension & verification scams

"Your account will be deleted in 24 hours - verify now." The artificial deadline is the whole point: it pressures you to click before checking details. The "verify" link goes to a phishing page styled to look like the real provider.

Common subject lines

• "Your account will be deleted in 24 hours"
• "Suspicious activity detected - verify now"
• "Final warning: account closure"
• "Action required to keep your account active"

Mixed payload Delivery & package scams

Fake DHL, USPS, UPS, or FedEx tracking, customs fees, or "package undeliverable" notices. Targets anyone expecting a parcel - the timing alone catches many people. The link hides either phishing (asking for card details to "release" the package) or a malware download.

Common subject lines

• "Your DHL package is held at customs"
• "USPS - delivery attempt failed"
• "FedEx tracking update - action required"
• "Pay $2.99 redelivery fee to release your parcel"

Remote access Tech support scams

Fake Microsoft, Apple, or "Windows Defender" security alerts pushing a phone number. Real Microsoft and Apple never email a phone number to call. The number connects you to a scammer who asks for remote access to "fix" the imaginary problem and then demands payment.

Common subject lines

• "Microsoft Defender expired - renew now"
• "Apple ID security alert"
• "Critical: virus detected on your PC"
• "Windows license expired - call now"

Wire fraud Advance-fee scams

Inheritance, lottery wins, romance, or business deals that ask for a small fee to release a much larger sum. The classic "Nigerian prince" 419 family of frauds. Once you pay the first fee, more fees appear (taxes, lawyer, transfer charges) until you stop paying. The promised money never exists.

Common subject lines

• "Inheritance from a relative you didn't know about"
• "You won the international lottery"
• "URGENT - business proposal worth $XX million"
• "Compensation fund release for fraud victims"

Wire fraud Business email compromise (BEC)

CEO impersonation asking employees to wire money or buy gift cards, or fake supplier invoices with newly "updated" bank details for payment redirection. The email often spoofs a real internal executive's display name and uses an external lookalike domain.

Common subject lines

• "Quick task - need you to buy gift cards"
• "Updated banking details for invoice payment"
• "Wire transfer request - urgent"
• "Are you available?" (CEO impersonation opener)

How to spot a malicious email?

Phase 1~ 2 min

Spot - identify the red flags

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1

Check the sender's actual address, not the display name

30 sec

The display name (the human-readable part) is trivial to fake. Always check the full address that comes after it. Common red flags:

• Domain mismatch - service@paypa1.com, support@micros0ft-help.com, look-alike domains using digits or extra hyphens
• Free-email impersonation - any "official" message from a bank, courier, or platform sent from a @gmail.com, @outlook.com, or @yahoo.com address
• Reply-To mismatch - the From address looks legitimate but Reply-To points somewhere completely different

Why this matters

Real companies own their domains and send mail from them. A "DHL" message from a Gmail address is never legitimate, regardless of how convincing the body looks.

2

Watch for urgency, threats, and generic greetings

30 sec

Scams almost always rush you. The point is to make you act before you think. Treat any of the following as a strong signal:

• "Your account will be deleted in 24 hours"
• "Final notice" / "Immediate action required"
• "Dear Customer" or "Dear User" instead of your real name
• Threats of fines, account closure, legal action, or arrest
• Promises of refunds, prizes, or money you didn't earn
• Spelling and grammar mistakes in messages claiming to come from a major brand

3

Hover over every link before clicking

30 sec

On a desktop, hover the mouse over the link without clicking. The real destination shows in the bottom-left status bar of your browser or email client. On a phone, long-press the link to preview the URL.

• Real Microsoft, PayPal, or bank links go to those exact domains, not redirects through unrelated sites
• Shortened URLs (bit.ly, tinyurl, t.co) hide the real destination - never click them in unsolicited mail
• The visible link text and the actual URL must match - mismatches are the single biggest phishing red flag

Pro tip

When in doubt, don't click the link. Open a new browser tab and type the company's address yourself, then log in normally. If there really is an issue with your account, you'll see it there.

4

Treat unexpected attachments as hostile

30 sec

If you didn't ask for the file, don't open it - even if it appears to come from someone you know. Categories that should never be opened from email without verification through another channel:

• .exe, .scr, .iso, .img, .vbs, .bat - executables, never legitimate attachments
• .docx, .xlsx, .pptx with "Enable macros" prompts - the macros run the malware
• .pdf with "Click here to view" buttons - usually a phishing redirect, not a real document
• .zip, .rar, .7z archives, especially password-protected ones - the password defeats the email scanner

Phase 2~ 2 min

Report and delete - if you haven't engaged

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If you only received the email and didn't reply, click, or open anything, the steps below are all you need. Your computer is not infected.

5

Don't reply, don't click "unsubscribe"

30 sec

Replying confirms your address is real and monitored, which gets you added to higher-value scam lists. The "unsubscribe" link in a scam message is rarely a real opt-out - it usually leads to a phishing page or downloads a tracking pixel.

Instead, mark the message as junk or phishing inside your email client (this trains the spam filter), then block the sender.

6

Report the scam to your email provider and authorities

1 min

Inside your email client:

• Gmail: open the message → ⋮ menu → Report phishing
• Outlook / Outlook.com: ⋯ menu → Report → Report phishing
• Apple Mail / iCloud: Move to Junk, then forward to reportphishing@apple.com

Forward or report to authorities:

• International: forward to reportphishing@apwg.org
• United States: ic3.gov (FBI)
• United Kingdom: forward phishing emails to report@phishing.gov.uk (NCSC SERS); for financial loss report at reportfraud.police.uk (Report Fraud, the successor to Action Fraud; 0300 123 2040)
• Canada: antifraudcentre.ca
• Australia: scamwatch.gov.au
• EU: your national CERT - find yours via the ENISA CSIRT map

After reporting, delete the email and empty the Trash folder so you don't accidentally open it later.

Phase 3~ 10–60 min

Recover - if you already engaged with the scam

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Pick the step below that matches what you did. If multiple apply, work through them in the order they appear - the steps are arranged from lowest to highest risk.

7

You only clicked a link (didn't enter anything or download anything)

Scenario: clicked link only10 min

Close the page right away. Don't enter any information, even if the page looks legitimate.

• Clear your browser cache and cookies for the last hour - Chrome/Edge: Ctrl+Shift+Del → Last hour → check Cookies and Cached files
• Run a quick scan with Combo Cleaner in case the page tried to drop a file silently (drive-by download)
• Update your browser to the latest version - most drive-by exploits target outdated browsers
• Watch for new browser pop-ups, redirects, or unfamiliar notifications over the next few days

Why this matters

Modern browsers block most drive-by attacks, but a single click on a phishing page can still be enough on an outdated browser or unpatched plugin. A quick scan catches anything that landed silently.

8

You opened an attachment or downloaded a file - run a full malware scan

Scenario: opened attachment⚠ Highest risk60–90 min

Opening an attachment is the most common path to actual infection. Treat the system as compromised until the scans below come back clean. Work through these sub-steps in order:

8.1Disconnect from the network

Unplug Ethernet and turn off Wi-Fi. If the attachment was an info-stealer or remote-access trojan, this stops it from sending data out or receiving commands. Keep the network off until you've booted into Safe Mode (next step) - you'll reconnect there briefly to download the scanners.

8.2Boot into Safe Mode with Networking, then download the scanners

Windows 11: Settings → System → Recovery → Advanced startup → Restart now → Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings → Restart → press 5 or F5.

Windows 10: hold Shift, click Power → Restart → Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings → Restart → press F5.

Once Safe Mode has loaded, turn Wi-Fi back on and download Combo Cleaner (used in 8.4) and Microsoft Safety Scanner (used in 8.5). Safe Mode loads only minimal drivers, so most malware can't auto-run while you're getting the tools. Save both installers to your Desktop.

8.3Run Microsoft Defender Offline

Reboot to normal Windows. Open Windows Security → Virus & threat protection → Scan options. Select Microsoft Defender Antivirus (offline scan) and click Scan now. The PC restarts into a stripped-down environment and scans the disk before Windows fully loads - this is what catches rootkits and bootkits.

Recommended antivirus

Combo Cleaner

VB100 certified. Includes anti-trojan, registry/persistence scanning, and anti-spyware in one pass. The 7-day free trial is available.

Download Combo Cleaner

8.4Run a full Combo Cleaner scan

Install Combo Cleaner and run a full system scan (not the quick scan). Let it complete fully, review what it found, and apply the recommended actions. Combo Cleaner will quarantine known trojans and remove their persistence in the registry.

8.5Run Microsoft Safety Scanner as a second-opinion scan

Download Microsoft Safety Scanner (MSERT.exe). The binary expires every 10 days, which means every download has the latest signatures. Run a full scan after Combo Cleaner to catch anything one engine alone might miss.

8.6Reset browsers and clear notification permissions

Many email-borne trojans drop adware that hijacks browsers. Reset each browser you use:

Chrome: chrome://settings/reset → Restore settings to their original defaults. Then chrome://settings/content/notifications - remove unfamiliar sites.

Edge: edge://settings/reset. Then edge://settings/content/notifications.

Firefox: about:support → Refresh Firefox.

8.7Re-enable Defender, Tamper Protection, and update everything

Open Windows Security → Virus & threat protection → Manage settings and confirm Real-time protection, Cloud-delivered protection, and Tamper Protection are all on. Then run Settings → Windows Update → Check for updates and update browsers and applications.

Important

If the scans keep finding new threats on each run, or files reappear after deletion, you may have a deeper compromise that needs a clean Windows reinstall. See pcrisk's full manual malware removal guide for the extended procedure (Process Explorer, Autoruns, hosts file inspection).

9

You entered credentials on a fake login page

Scenario: shared password⚠ Act fast20 min

Assume the attacker has your password and is using it right now. Speed matters.

1. Change the password from a different, known-clean device (your phone is fine if it's not infected). Don't reuse the old password anywhere else.
2. Enable two-factor authentication if you haven't already. Prefer an authenticator app or hardware key over SMS.
3. Sign out of all sessions - most platforms have a "sign out everywhere" option in security settings, which kicks the attacker out.
4. Review recent activity - look for unfamiliar logins, new devices, forwarding rules, or app permissions. Remove anything you don't recognize.
5. Check your other accounts - if you reused that password anywhere else, change it there too. Check your exposure at haveibeenpwned.com.
6. Update security questions - the attacker may have seen the answers in your account profile.

Why email comes first

If you only have time to change one password, change your primary email password - it's the recovery hub for every other account. An attacker who controls your email can reset everything else.

10

You sent money or shared bank, card, or ID details

Scenario: financial loss⚠ Contact bank now30 min

Time is the single biggest factor in recovering money. Banks can sometimes recall a wire or reverse a card transaction within the first few hours.

1. Call your bank or card issuer immediately. Use the number on the back of the card, not any number from the scam email. Ask them to freeze the card, reverse the transaction if possible, and flag the account for fraud monitoring.
2. If you sent a wire transfer or used a money-transfer service (Western Union, MoneyGram, Zelle, Wise), call them directly and request a recall. Some can be reversed within minutes if reported fast.
3. If you sent cryptocurrency or gift cards, recovery is unlikely - but report it anyway, since law enforcement tracks these patterns.
4. File a police report. You'll need the report number for any insurance, bank, or credit-bureau claim. Save the report number.
5. File with the right authority for your country:
   • US: ic3.gov + reportfraud.ftc.gov
   • UK: reportfraud.police.uk (Report Fraud, the successor to Action Fraud; 0300 123 2040)
   • Canada: antifraudcentre.ca
   • Australia: scamwatch.gov.au
   • EU: your national CERT or police cybercrime unit
6. Set fraud alerts on all major credit bureaus if you shared any ID details. US: Equifax, Experian, TransUnion. UK: Experian, Equifax, TransUnion (Cifas Protective Registration is a stronger option).
7. Save all evidence - the original email (with full headers), screenshots of the fake site, transaction records, any phone numbers or chat logs.

Phase 4~ 15 min + 30 days

Verify & monitor

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11

Final scan and startup-app check

15 min

Reconnect to the network and run one final full scan with Combo Cleaner, followed by a Windows Defender quick scan. Then open Task Manager (Ctrl + Shift + Esc) and switch to Startup apps - disable anything unfamiliar.

Make sure Windows, browsers, and any applications you use are fully up to date. The infection vector that worked on you once usually involves outdated software.

12

Monitor accounts and credit for 30 days

5 min/day · 30 days

Most fraud follow-ups land in the first month. Until that window closes, keep watching:

• Bank and card statements - daily for the first week, then weekly
• Email - watch for password-reset confirmations or login alerts you didn't trigger
• Credit report - US: free at annualcreditreport.com; UK: Experian, Equifax, TransUnion all have free tiers
• Breach alerts - sign up at haveibeenpwned.com to be notified when your email appears in new leaks

If anything new appears in any of those, treat it as a continuing compromise: change passwords again, contact the bank again, and update the police report.

Important: If you didn't click anything, didn't reply, and didn't open any attachment, your computer is not infected - just delete the email and move on. If you opened an attachment or downloaded a file, run an automated scan with Combo Cleaner and Windows Defender and stop there. That path catches the vast majority of email-borne malware without the risk of breaking Windows by deleting the wrong file.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Why did I receive this email?

Spam campaigns are not personal, even if they include information relevant to the recipients. Cyber criminals send out this mail in massive operations – hence, thousands of users receive identical (or incredibly similar) emails.

I have provided my personal information when tricked by this spam email, what should I do?

If you have provided your log-in credentials – change the passwords of all possibly exposed accounts and inform their official support without delay. However, if the disclosed information was of a different personal nature (e.g., ID card details, passport scans/photos, credit/debit card numbers, etc.) – immediately contact the appropriate authorities.

I have read a spam email but didn't open the attachment, is my computer infected?

No, reading an email will not trigger any system infection processes. Devices are compromised when malicious attachments or links are opened/clicked.

I have downloaded and opened a file attached to a spam email, is my computer infected?

The format of the opened file might influence whether an infection occurred. Executables cause infections almost without fail once opened. While some other formats – like documents – may need extra interaction to begin downloading/installing malware (e.g., enabling macros, clicking embedded content, etc.).

Will Combo Cleaner remove malware infections present in email attachments?

Yes, Combo Cleaner is designed to scan systems and eliminate all manner of threats. It can detect and remove most of the known malware infections. Remember that sophisticated malicious programs typically hide deep within systems – therefore, performing a complete system scan is crucial for detection.