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What is Sage 2.0?
Sage 2.0 is an updated version of Sage - a ransomware-type virus. Following infiltration, Sage 2.0 encrypts various files and appends their filenames with the ".sage" extension.
For instance, "sample.jpg" is renamed to "sample.jpg.sage". Following successful encryption, Sage 2.0 creates an HTML file ("Recovery_[3_random_characters].html"), places it in each folder containing encrypted files, and changes the desktop wallpaper.
The wallpaper and HTML file contain an identical ransom-demand message informing victims of the encryption and stating that files cannot be restored without the assistance of Sage 2.0's developers. To receive help, victims must pay a ransom equivalent of $2000 in Bitcoins. It is currently unknown whether Sage 2.0 uses symmetric or asymmetric cryptography.
In either case, decryption without a unique key is impossible. This key is stored on a remote server controlled by Sage 2.0's developers and victims are encouraged to pay to receive it. Payment must be made via Sage 2.0's website (links are provided within the ransom-demand message).
In addition, the ransom must be paid within the given time frame (the website contains a timer), otherwise the key is deleted permanently and decryption becomes impossible. Despite these demands and threats, you should never trust cyber criminals. Research shows that victims are often ignored once payments are submitted.
There is no guarantee that your files will ever be decrypted and you will be scammed. Furthermore, you will support these criminals' malicious businesses. We strongly advise you to ignore all requests to pay or contact these people.
Unfortunately, there are no tools capable of restoring files encrypted by Sage 2.0. The problem can only be resolved by restoring files/system from a backup.
Screenshot of a message (wallpaper) encouraging users to pay a ransom to decrypt their compromised data:
Sage 2.0 shares many similarities with CTB-Locker, Locky, Cerber, and dozens of other ransomware-type viruses. Research reveals that these viruses encrypt files and make ransom demands. There are just two major differences between ransomware-type viruses: 1) type of encryption algorithm [symmetric/asymmetric] used, and; 2) size of ransom.
The distribution methods are also identical. Cyber criminals proliferate ransomware via fake software updaters, trojans, third party software download sources (peer-to-peer networks, free file hosting websites, freeware download websites, etc.), and infectious files attached to spam emails.
Therefore, keeping your installed applications up-to-date and using a legitimate anti-virus/anti-spyware suite is essential. Note, however, that cyber criminals often use fake software updaters to infect the system. Therefore, only use tools from official websites. Furthermore, never open files received from suspicious emails or download software from unofficial sources.
Special thanks to security researcher Brad Duncan for providing samples and research insights on this ransomware.
Screenshot of Sage 2.0 HTML file:
Ransom-demand message presented within Sage 2.0 HTML file and desktop wallpaper:
Need help with translation?? Use https://translate.google.com
ATTENTION! ALL YOUR FILES WERE ENCRYPTED!
PLEASE READ THIS MESSAGE CAREFULLY
All your important and critical files as well as databases, images and videos and so on were encrypted by software known as SAGE!
SAGE 2.0 uses military grade elliptic curve cryptography and you have no chances restoring your files without our help!
But if you follow our instructions we guarantee that you can restore all your files quickly and safely!
To get the instructions open any of this temporary links m your browser:
This links are temporary and will stop working after some time, so if you can't open these links, you can use TOR Browser
The TOR Browser is available on the official website https://www.torproiect.org/
Just open this site, click on the "Download Tor" button and follow the installation instructions, then use it to open the following link:
Please be sure to copy this instruction text and links to your notepad to avoid losing it.
This crypto ransomware encrypts user data using the AES, and then calls go to the Tor-site to pay a ransom in Bitcoin and get instructions on how to return the files. Redemption amount: $ 2,000 (~ 2.15550 Bitcoin). After 7 days, the amount of foreclosures doubled.
Sage 2.0 ransomware Tor website "Homepage":
Text presented within this page:
Important Information! Please read very carefully!
Attention!
Sage 2.0 encrypted all your files!
All your files, images, videos and databases where have been encrypted and no longer accessible by software known as Sage 2.0!
To restore all your files you need to pay $2000 (≈2.17965) for the decryption.
The after full payment, you will be able to download the software to restore your data.
In the case of non-payment of the full commission within 5d 05h,
the amount of commission will be raised to $4000 (≈4.35929)
You have no chance to restore the files without our help!
The files will restored easily if you will follow our instructions!
In case of the repeated non-payment of the increased commission during the 5d 05h period,
the unique decryption code for your files will be blocked
and its recovery will be absolutely impossible!
Sage 2.0 ransomware Tor website "Payment" page:
Text presented within this page:
Payment procedure How to pay?
Payment can only be made using the BitCoin system.
So you can be sure that in the case of full payment of the commission, all your files will be decrypted.
Please note that BTC currency rate as any other currency rate in the world is not fixed. It tends to increase, therefore we advise you not to delay the BTC currency purchase and payment.
If you want to learn more what is Bitcoin, then watch this YouTube Video or visit WeUseCoins website.
How to pay within the BitCoin system?
Don't worry, the payment process in the BitCoin system is not difficult and requires few simple steps.
First of all, you need to create your Bitcoin currency (BTC) wallet.
We recommend to use most popular and easy-to-use online BlockChain.info wallet.
Or you can install Electrum software wallet for any OS you need
Next, you need to top-up your Bitcoin wallet's balance.
Below is the list of trusted services where you may buy Bitcoin. These services absolutely are not related to us!
If you can't find the option that suits you, then maybe you need to try find the solution in Google?
To receive the payment from you, we have created the unique Bitcoin wallet.
Further you need to make transaction from your own Bitcoin-wallet to the Bitcoin-wallet which we have prepared for you.
You can see it below (large font).
This wallet has been created especially for you and the amount paid can not be lost!
Send 2.17965 to the following wallet: 1EjHLfL5yy4o7pjG7sfvPrQfPwfMtVT4J8
If you already made the partial payment before, you can see there the remaining amount that you need to pay.
If you need to save or copy your BTC wallet address don't try to write it down by hand.
If while making the transaction you type the wrong BTC wallet number, the money will be lost!
Therefore, if necessary, print out the BTC wallet address you need or use the QR-code scanner on your smartphone/tablet.
Keep in mind that some Bitcoin purchase services are not work in real time and have the delay in payment processing.
The delay may last from 1 to 36 hours.
We therefore recommend you not to put aside the decision of payment until the last moment. Failure to pay on time may result in the increase of the payment amount!
After full payment you can download the decryption software from the Instructions section and use it with your personal decryption key.
We guarantee that all your files will be decrypted.
Note: Due to the configuration of some browsers simply reload this page does not always update the current information.
Please logout and relogin into your account to check the actually decryption status.
Sage 2.0 ransomware Tor website "Instructions" page:
Text presented within this page:
Instructions What to do after the payment is made? How to decrypt all your data?
After payment you can download the decryption software from the home page. We guarantee that all your files will be decrypted.
Just follow these simple steps:
1. Login to your personal page
2. Copy the decryption key from field on the home page
3. Click "Download decryption software" button and save Sage2Decrypter.exe to your hard disk
4. Run Sage2Decrypter.exe
5. Paste the decryption key into "Key code" field in the decryption software window.
6. Select folder or disk you want to decrypt.
7. Click "Decrypt" button and wait for successfully completion of the decryption process
8. IMPORTANT: Don't turn off or reboot your PC before the process is completed!
9. Congratulations! Now all your files are restored!
Sage 2.0 ransomware Tor website "Support" page:
Text presented within this page:
If you still have some questions on the work of our service, please use the special form to contact our support service.
We will be glad to answer any questions you may have.
Note: Due to the configuration of some browsers simply reload this page does not always update the current information.
Please logout and relogin into your account to check the actually decryption status.
Here's how Sage 2.0 Tor website looks like (GIF):
Screenshot of files encrypted by Sage 2.0 (".sage" extension):
Update 8 February, 2017 - Cyber criminals have updated this ransomware. Now the ransom demanding message that comes as a desktop wallpaper is in green color (was red before).
Right after encrypting victim’s files this ransomware displays a ransom demanding message in a pop-up window named “Decryption Instructions” (!HELP_SOS.hta file) which is available in 11 languages (English, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spain, France, Korean, Dutch, Persian, Arabic, Chinese).
Screenshot of a ransom note presented in a wallpaper:
Decryption Instructions pop-up (!HELP_SOS.hta file):
Text presented in this pop-up:
File recovery instructions
You probably noticed that you can not open your files and that some software stopped working correctly. This is expected. Your files content is still there, but it was encrypted by "SAGE 2.0 Ransomware". Your files are not lost, it is possible to revert them back to normal state by decrypting. The only way you can do that is by getting "SAGE Decrypter" software and your personal decryption key. Using any other software which claims to be able to restore your files will result in files being damaged or destroyed. You can purchase "SAGE Decrypter" software and your decryption key at your personal page you can access by following links: - If you are asked for your personal key, copy it to the form on the site. This is your personal key: - You will also be able to decrypt one file for free to make sure "SAGE Decrypter" software is able to recover your files
If none of those links work for you for a prolonged period of time or you need your files recovered as fast as possible, you can also access your personal page using "Tor Browser". In order to do that you need to:
open Internet Explorer or any other internet browser;
copy the address https://www.torproject.org/download/download-easy.html.en into address bar and press "Enter";
once the page opens, you will be offered to download Tor Browser, download it and run the installator, follow installation instructions;
once installation is finished, open the newly installed Tor Browser and press the "Connect" button (button can be named differently if you installed non-English version);
Tor Browser will establish connection and open a normal browser window;
copy the address -
into this browser address bar and press "Enter";
your personal page should be opened now; if it didn't then wait for a bit and try again.
If you can not perform this steps then check your internet connection and try again. If it still doesn't work, try asking some computer guy for help in performing this steps for you or look for some video guides on YouTube.
You can find a copy of this instruction in files named "!HELP_SOS" stored next to your encrypted files.
Encrypted files now get an icon of a lock (the extension is the same as in the previous version - .sage):
Update 21 February, 2017 - Cyber criminals have released another update for this ransomware. It’s now called "SAGE 2.2 Ransomware":
The Tor website seems unchanged compared to the previous variant.
Sage 2.0 ransomware removal:
Instant automatic malware removal:
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Removal and file recovery procedure
If your files are encrypted with a new extension and a ransom note has appeared, you've been hit by ransomware. Don't pay. The procedure below works in order: contain the infection, identify the variant, remove the ransomware itself (so anything you restore doesn't get re-encrypted), and try to recover files using free decryption tools, Windows Volume Shadow Copies, or backups. Run a full system scan with Combo Cleaner to remove the infection - then move on to file recovery.
Common ransomware behaviors
VisibleEncrypts your files and renames them
The ransomware reads each file, encrypts the contents with the attacker's public key, and writes the encrypted bytes back to disk. Most variants also rename the file by appending a new extension - .net, .locked, .crypt, .lockbit, .djvu, etc. Without the matching private key, the encrypted files cannot be opened normally. Recovery depends on a free decryption tool, a recoverable Volume Shadow Copy, or a clean backup.
VisibleDrops a ransom note in every encrypted folder
A text or HTML file (usually named HOW_TO_DECRYPT.txt, README.txt, _readme.txt, or similar) is placed in every folder that contains encrypted files. The note explains the situation, lists a payment amount in cryptocurrency, gives a deadline, and provides a contact email or .onion site. Save the note - don't delete it. Its exact wording, the email address, and the bitcoin wallet are how you identify the variant in the next phase.
VisibleReplaces the desktop wallpaper
Many ransomware variants change the Windows wallpaper to a black or red image with the ransom message and instructions. The wallpaper is just a visual scare tactic - it doesn't add any actual capability and reverts to normal once the ransomware is removed. Photograph it before removal in case the contact details are useful for variant identification or for reporting to authorities.
HiddenDeletes Volume Shadow Copies
One of the first things modern ransomware does after launching is run vssadmin delete shadows /all /quiet to wipe Windows' built-in Volume Shadow Copies - the snapshots that Previous Versions and System Restore rely on. Some ransomware doesn't fully succeed (especially on systems where the user lacks full admin rights), leaving partial shadow copies recoverable. Phase 4 step 11 covers how to check what survived.
HiddenDisables Windows Defender and other security tools
Before encrypting, the ransomware tries to silence anything that could alert you or block it - Windows Defender real-time protection, third-party antivirus services, backup agents (Veeam, Acronis), and sometimes the Windows Event Log service. It often modifies Group Policy or registry keys to keep these off after reboot. Phase 3 step 9 explicitly turns Tamper Protection back on so the next ransomware attempt can't repeat the trick.
HiddenSpreads laterally to other PCs on the network
Network-aware ransomware (LockBit, Conti, BlackCat, Akira families) doesn't stop at the first machine. It scans for SMB shares, mapped drives, and other PCs on the same network, then encrypts whatever it can reach. On Windows domains, a single compromised user with admin rights can lead to all-domain encryption. This is why Phase 1 step 2 disconnects the network as the very first action - it stops the spread immediately.
HiddenSteals data before encrypting (double extortion)
Modern ransomware (LockBit, BlackCat / ALPHV, Akira, Cl0p, Royal) almost always exfiltrates data before encrypting. The attacker then runs a "double extortion" play: pay the ransom for decryption, plus pay again to prevent the stolen data from being leaked on the group's leak site. Paying the first ransom does not get the leaked data back - assume that anything the ransomware could read was uploaded. This is one more reason not to pay: the data is already out.
Don't pay the ransom
Paying the ransom does not guarantee you'll get your files back. Major ransomware response studies consistently show that a meaningful percentage of paying victims either receive a non-working decryptor, only partial decryption, or no decryptor at all. Beyond that:
- Paying confirms you as a willing target - re-attack rates within 12 months are high
- Several ransomware groups have been sanctioned (US OFAC, UK OFSI). Paying these groups may be illegal under sanctions law in your country
- The ransom funds the next attack - on you or someone else
- Modern ransomware almost always exfiltrates data first, so paying doesn't get the leaked data back. Assume anything the malware could read was uploaded
- Decryptors, even when they work, often leave files corrupted because the encryption itself was buggy or rushed
The path below tries every legal, free recovery option first. Pay only as an absolute last resort, after consulting a lawyer and your country's cyber crime authority.
Disconnect from the network and log out of cloud storage
Pull the Ethernet cable and turn off Wi-Fi on the affected PC. If multiple computers share the network, do the same on every machine you suspect could be affected, including any servers and NAS units.
Then sign out of cloud storage clients (OneDrive, Dropbox, Google Drive, iCloud) from their app settings. If you can, pause the sync. Some ransomware uses the running sync client to push encrypted versions over your clean cloud copies.
Modern ransomware spreads laterally across SMB shares, mapped drives, RDP, and reachable network neighbors. Disconnecting stops the spread the moment you do it. Logging out of cloud sync clients prevents the ransomware from encrypting the cloud copies of your files via the sync API.
Unplug external drives and USB storage
Safely eject any external drives, USB sticks, SD cards, and network-attached storage shares - then unplug them. If a drive was connected when the ransomware ran, the files on it may already be encrypted, but unplugging stops further damage.
Critically: don't reconnect any drive (including your most recent backup) to this PC until the ransomware is removed in Phase 3. Reconnecting an external backup to an actively-infected PC is the most common way that backup gets encrypted too.
Save the ransom note and a sample encrypted file
Copy the ransom note and one small encrypted file (under 1 MB) to a USB stick, or photograph the note with your phone. You'll need both for the variant identification step.
The ransom note is usually one of:
- A
.txtfile in every encrypted folder (typicallyHOW_TO_DECRYPT.txt,README.txt, or_readme.txt) - An
.htmlfile with the same purpose - A changed desktop wallpaper - photograph it
- A lock-screen interrupt that runs at startup - rarer
Don't delete the note. Variant identification depends on its exact wording, the contact email, and the bitcoin wallet address. The note is also evidence if you report to authorities.
Identify the variant with ID Ransomware
From a clean device (your phone is fine, or another PC that wasn't on the affected network), visit id-ransomware.malwarehunterteam.com. Upload the ransom note and the sample encrypted file. The site identifies the variant family and tells you whether a free decryptor exists.
ID Ransomware is run by the Malware Hunter Team. Files you upload are kept private - they're used for analysis, not published. If you're concerned about uploading data anyway, you can paste the contact email and bitcoin wallet from the note - those are often enough for identification.
The ransomware itself must be removed before any file recovery. If it's still active, anything you restore in Phase 4 gets re-encrypted within minutes.
Boot to Safe Mode with Networking and download the scanners
Safe Mode loads only the minimal Windows drivers, which prevents most ransomware from auto-running while you set up the scanners.
Windows 11: open , click Restart now next to Advanced startup. After the restart, click , then press 5 or F5.
Windows 10: click the Windows logo, hold Shift, click the Power icon and choose Restart. From the Choose-an-option screen, click , then press F5.
Once Safe Mode has loaded, turn Wi-Fi back on and download Combo Cleaner (used in step 8) and Microsoft Safety Scanner (used in step 9). Save both installers to your Desktop, then disconnect Wi-Fi again before scanning.
Run Microsoft Defender Offline
Reboot to normal Windows. Open . Select Microsoft Defender Antivirus (offline scan) and click Scan now. The PC restarts into a stripped-down environment and scans the disk before Windows fully loads.
Some ransomware variants drop bootkit components or kernel hooks that hide from any scanner running on the same Windows session that's already infected. A pre-boot offline scan sees the disk before the malware can load itself.
VB100 certified. Includes anti-trojan, registry/persistence scanning, and anti-spyware in one pass. The 7-day free trial is available.
Download Combo CleanerRun a full Combo Cleaner scan
Run the installer you downloaded in step 6 and start a full system scan (not the quick scan). Let it complete, review what it detected, and apply the recommended actions. Combo Cleaner quarantines the ransomware executable and the registry / scheduled-task entries that re-launch it on reboot.
Run Microsoft Safety Scanner and re-enable Defender
Run Microsoft Safety Scanner (MSERT.exe) as a second-opinion full scan. The binary expires every 10 days so the copy you downloaded has the latest signatures.
Once it finishes, open and confirm Real-time protection, Cloud-delivered protection, and Tamper Protection are all on. Many ransomware variants disable Defender during the attack - this is where you switch it back on so the next attempt can't repeat the trick.
Different scanning engines catch different threats. Running an additional Microsoft scan after Combo Cleaner is the most underused verification step in malware removal - and free.
Try the steps in order. The first decryptor that works ends the recovery process - no need to do all four.
Check the No More Ransom Project for a free decryptor
Visit nomoreransom.org and search the Decryption Tools list for the variant name returned by ID Ransomware. The project is run by Europol, the Dutch Police, and security vendors - everything listed is legitimate and free.
If a decryptor exists, download it onto a clean PC, copy it across, and follow its instructions exactly. Decryptors usually want you to point them at a sample encrypted file plus its known unencrypted version (sometimes any image you previously had a backup of works).
Free decryptors exist for parts of the STOP/Djvu, GandCrab, REvil, Avaddon, Conti and Hive families, among others. Most modern variants don't have public decryptors - if yours isn't listed, that's expected; move to the next step.
Try Windows Volume Shadow Copies
Windows automatically creates Volume Shadow Copies of files when System Restore points are made or scheduled backups run. Most ransomware tries to wipe these (vssadmin delete shadows /all /quiet), but the deletion sometimes fails partially - especially if the running user doesn't have full admin rights. When it does fail, snapshots survive that contain pre-encryption versions of your files.
First, check what's there. Open Command Prompt as Administrator and run:
vssadmin list shadows
If you see entries listed, shadow copies survived. To restore from them:
- Built-in: right-click any folder → Properties → Previous Versions tab. Pick a snapshot dated before the infection and restore.
- Better tool for browsing: install Shadow Explorer (free). It shows all snapshots as a normal file tree and lets you copy out only the files you want.
Shadow Copies recover the original files exactly, with no risk of decryption errors. If they survived, this is faster and cleaner than running a decryptor on the encrypted set.
Restore from cloud or external backup
If you have a backup that pre-dates the infection, this is the cleanest recovery available. Important precautions:
- Don't reconnect a backup drive until Phase 3 is complete. If the ransomware is still active, plugging in the backup encrypts it too.
- For cloud backups (OneDrive, Dropbox, Google Drive, iCloud), use the Version History feature to roll individual files back to pre-encryption versions.
- OneDrive specifically has a "Restore your OneDrive" feature: if it detected mass file changes, you can roll back the entire account up to 30 days. Sign in at OneDrive on the web, click the Settings gear, and choose Restore your OneDrive. Microsoft 365 subscribers also get ransomware detection alerts; non-subscribers get one free recovery.
- Verify the restored files open correctly before you delete the encrypted set. Test a few documents, photos, and any database / project files.
Try Recuva as a last-resort recovery
Recuva is a long shot, not a primary recovery tool. Most modern ransomware encrypts files in place - it reads the original, encrypts the data, and writes the encrypted bytes back to the same disk location. In that case, the original isn't deleted, just rewritten - and Recuva has nothing to find.
But for older or simpler variants that deleted originals before creating encrypted copies (rather than encrypting in place), Recuva can sometimes pull the originals from unallocated disk space. Worth trying as a last resort, especially before you use the disk much further.
If you try it:
- Stop using the disk as much as possible - every disk write reduces recovery odds
- Run Recuva from a USB stick, not from the affected disk
- Use Deep Scan mode (slower but the only mode worth running for this scenario)
Don't skip the steps above expecting Recuva to bail you out. It works in maybe 5-20% of cases, depending on the variant and how soon you try.
Report the attack to authorities
Even if your files aren't recovered, your report helps authorities track variants, attribute groups, and warn future victims. In some jurisdictions (especially the US and UK) early reporting can sometimes help recall a wired ransom payment via banking partners.
Save the report number - banks, insurers, and credit bureaus will ask for it. If you operate a business, you may also have legal disclosure obligations (GDPR in the EU, state breach laws in the US) that run on a 72-hour clock.
Plan 3-2-1 backups going forward
The single best defense against ransomware is a tested backup. Use the 3-2-1 rule:
- 3 copies of your data
- 2 different storage media (e.g., internal drive + external drive)
- 1 offline / air-gapped copy (an external drive that isn't always connected)
Recommended cadence:
- Daily: cloud sync (OneDrive, Dropbox, Google Drive) - convenient, but vulnerable if the ransomware reaches the sync folder. The Version History feature is what saves you
- Weekly: external drive that you connect briefly, then disconnect - the air-gap is what protects against ransomware
- Monthly: a second external drive stored off-site (different physical location) - protects against fire, theft, flood
Test the backup at least once. Open a few files from it, check sizes match, restore one to a different folder. An untested backup isn't a backup - it's a hope.
Patch the entry point and monitor for 30 days
Most reinfections happen via the same vector that worked the first time. Until you've patched the entry point, watch for:
- Unusual disk activity, unexpected file modifications, or unfamiliar processes in Task Manager
- Unexpected reboots or new accounts you didn't create
- Defender or your antivirus turning itself off again
Common entry vectors and what to do about each:
- Phishing email with a malicious attachment - review email filters and train yourself / staff to recognise the patterns - see pcrisk's Phishing/Scam reference
- Exposed RDP with weak passwords - disable Remote Desktop from if you don't need it. If you do, put it behind a VPN and require a long password plus MFA
- Unpatched VPN appliances or public-facing apps - check the vendor's advisories page and apply the latest firmware
- Cracked / pirated software - was the most common vector for STOP/Djvu in particular. Don't run software from torrent sites
Run a Combo Cleaner scan weekly for the first month. Update Windows, browsers, and applications aggressively.
Important: Removing a ransomware infection requires a full system scan, not a manual file delete. If you're not confident with the manual procedure, run an automated scan with Combo Cleaner and Windows Defender and stop there - that combination removes the vast majority of consumer ransomware variants. Then move to Phase 4 for file recovery, or to Phase 5 if your files are unrecoverable and you need to start fresh from a clean Windows install.
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Tomas Meskauskas
Expert security researcher, professional malware analyst
I am passionate about computer security and technology. I have an experience of over 10 years working in various companies related to computer technical issue solving and Internet security. I have been working as an author and editor for pcrisk.com since 2010. Follow me on Twitter and LinkedIn to stay informed about the latest online security threats.
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