Cobra Locker ransomware - removal and decryption options

Ransomware

Also Known As: Cobra_Locker ransomware

(updated)

Damage level:

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What is Cobra Locker?

Discovered by dnwls0719, Cobra Locker (also known as Cobra_Locker or CobraLocker) is a malicious program classified as ransomware. Following successful infiltration, this malware encrypts data in order to demand payment for decryption tools. During the encryption process, files are appended with the ".Cobra" extension.

For example, a file named something like "1.jpg" would appear as "1.jpg.Cobra" following encryption, and so on for all affected files. After this process is complete, a ransom message is displayed in a pop-up window.

Screenshot of files encrypted by Cobra Locker (".Cobra" extension):

Files encrypted by Cobra Locker ransomware (.Cobra extension)

Ransom note overview

The text presented in the pop-up states that all of the victims' files have been encrypted. To recover their data, users are informed that they must obtain the unique decryption key from the cyber criminals behind the attack. To receive further instructions, victims are to establish contact with the criminals via email.

Unfortunately, in many cases of ransomware infections, decryption is impossible without involvement of the individuals responsible, unless the malicious program is still in development and/or has significant flaws.

Whatever the case, you are strongly advised against meeting the ransom demands, since despite paying, victims are unlikely to receive the promised decryption tools/software. Therefore, they experience financial loss and their data remains encrypted.

To prevent Cobra Locker from further encryption, it must be eliminated from the operating system, however, removal will not restore already compromised files. The only viable solution is to recover them from a backup, if one was created prior to the infection and was stored in a separate location.

Ransomware in general

Typically, ransomware operates by encrypting data and demanding ransoms for decryption. GdjlosvtnibTELEGRAMTabe and Usam are some examples of such malicious programs. There are two crucial differences: the cryptographic algorithms they use (symmetric or asymmetric) and the ransom size.

The latter tends to range from three to four digits in USD. Digital currencies (primarily, cryptocurrencies) are used for the ransoms, since these transactions are difficult/impossible to trace. To avoid permanent data loss, you are strongly advised to keep backups on unplugged storage devices and remote servers.

Ideally, backup copies should be stored in multiple different locations.

How did ransomware infect my computer?

The most common malware (ransomware included) distribution techniques are through Trojans, spam campaigns, illegal activation ("cracking") tools, bogus updaters and dubious download channels. Trojans are malicious programs, some of which have the capability to cause chain infections (i.e. download/install additional malware).

Spam campaigns are large scale operations, during which deceptive/scam emails are sent by the thousand. These messages are usually presented as "official", "important", "urgent" and similar. They might even be disguised as mail form legitimate institutions, organizations, companies, service providers, and so on.

The emails have infectious files attached to or linked inside them. These files can be in various formats (e.g. PDF and Microsoft Office documents, archives, executables, JavaScript, etc.) and when they are opened, the infection process is triggered. Rather than activating licensed products, illegal activation tools ("cracks") can download/install malicious software.

Fake updaters infect systems by exploiting flaws of outdated products and/or simply by installing malware rather than the promised updates. Malicious programs are often downloaded inadvertently from untrusted sources such as unofficial and free file-hosting (freeware) sites, Peer-to-Peer sharing networks (BitTorrent, eMule, Gnutella, etc.) and other third party downloaders.

Threat Summary:
Name Cobra_Locker ransomware
Threat Type Ransomware, Crypto Virus, Files locker.
Encrypted Files Extension .Cobra
Ransom Demand Message Text presented in the pop-up window.
Cyber Criminal Contact Cobra_Locker@protonmail.com
Detection Names Avast (FileRepMalware), BitDefender (Gen:Heur.Ransom.RTH.1), ESET-NOD32 (A Variant Of MSIL/Filecoder.YQ), Kaspersky (HEUR:Trojan-Ransom.MSIL.Encoder.gen), Full List Of Detections (VirusTotal)
Symptoms Cannot open files stored on your computer, previously functional files now have a different extension (for example, my.docx.locked). A ransom demand message is displayed on your desktop. Cyber criminals demand payment of a ransom (usually in bitcoins) to unlock your files.
Distribution methods Infected email attachments (macros), torrent websites, malicious ads.
Damage All files are encrypted and cannot be opened without paying a ransom. Additional password-stealing Trojans and malware infections can be installed together with a ransomware infection.
Malware Removal (Windows)

To eliminate possible malware infections, scan your computer with legitimate antivirus software. Our security researchers recommend using Combo Cleaner.

Download Combo Cleaner

To use full-featured product, you have to purchase a license for Combo Cleaner. 7 days free trial available. Combo Cleaner is owned and operated by RCS LT, the parent company of PCRisk.com.

How to protect yourself from ransomware infections

Do not open suspicious or irrelevant emails, especially those with any attachments or links found in them, as this can result in high-risk infection. All downloads must be done from official and verified sources. It is also important to activate and update products with tools/functions provided by genuine developers.

Illegal activation ("cracking") tools and third party updaters must not be used, as they are often employed to proliferate malware. To ensure device and user safety, it is paramount to have reputable anti-virus/anti-spyware installed. This software must be kept up to date, used to run regular system scans, and to remove detected/potential threats.

If your computer is already infected with Cobra Locker, we recommend running a scan with Combo Cleaner Antivirus for Windows to automatically eliminate this ransomware.

The appearance of Cobra Locker ransomware pop-up (GIF):

Cobra Locker ransomware pop-up gif

Text presented in Cobra Locker ransomware pop-up window:

Cobra_Locker

 

Oops! Your have been encrypted!
If you want decrypt your files you must have decryption code
Path
All your important files were encrypted on this PC.
All files with .Cobra extension are encrypted.
Encryption was produced using unique private key  generated for this computer.

 

To decrypt your files, you need to obtain private key.

 

To retrieve the private key  you need to contact us by email
Cobra_Locker@protonmail.com send us an email  and wait for further
instructions.

 

E-mail address to contact us:
Cobra_Locker@protonmail.com
Decryp

Screenshot of a message encouraging users to pay a ransom to decrypt their compromised data:

Cobra Locker decrypt instructions (pop-up)

Update 20 July 2020 - Cyber criminals have recently released an updated variant of Cobra Locker ransomware, which appends a different file extension (".C0br4") and delivers a different ransom message in a full-screen window. The ransom message states that, in order to decrypt data, victims must play an online game on a provided website.

Screenshot of the full-screen ransom message:

Ransom note delivered by the updated Cobra Locker

Screenshot of the zoomed-in pop-up window:

Updated Cobra Locker pop-up window

Text presented within:

Cobra_Locker 4.0
Hello I'm Cobra_Locker I have encrypted all your important files! If you want to recover them you must reach level 15 in this game: hxxp://deathball.net/notpron/ if you reach level 15 send a screenshot to the email
Cobra_Locker@protonmail.com

Screenshot of the zoomed-in background:

Updated Cobra Locker ransom note background

Text presented within:

A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer.


If this is the first time you've seen this stop error, restart your computer. if this screen appears again, follows these steps:

Check to make sure any new hardware or software is properly installed. I this is a new installation, ask your hardware or software manufacturer for and Windows updates you might need.

If problems continue, disable or remove any newly installed hardware or software.
Disable BIOS memory options such as caching or shadowing. If you need to use Safe Mode to remove or disable components, restart your computer, press F8 ti sekect Advanced Startup Options, and then select Safe Mode.


Technical information:

Oops all your important files have been encrypted!
*** STOP: 0x000000FE (0x00000008, 0x000000006, 0x00000009, 0x847075cc)

Screenshot of files encrypted by this Cobra Locker variant (".C0br4"):

Files encrypted by the updated Cobra Locker variant

Screenshot of the game website:

Website of the game that Cobra Locker ransomware victims have to play in order to decrypt data

A Russian ransom note delivered by Cobra Locker ransomware (this variant does not append any file extension to encrypted files):

CobraLocker Russian ransom note

Text presented within:

Ой! все ваши важные файлы зашифрованы!
Что случилось с моим компьютером?
многие из ваших документов, видео, баз данных и других файлов больше недоступны, потому что они были зашифрованы_ Возможно, вы ищете способ расшифровать свои файлы_ Но не теряйте время, никто не сможет восстановить ваши файлы без кода расшифровки, созданного для этого компьютера.

Как получить код расшифровки?
Чтобы получить код расшифровки, вы должны заплатить ЗОО долларов в биткойнах.
Что делать, если я уже заплатил?
1. загрузите юг браузер (hxxps://torproject.org/)
2. Зарегистрируйтесь на torbox(-)
З. Отправьте идентиикатор своего биткойн-кошелька на электронную почту
CobraLocker@torbox3uiot6wchz.onion

правила:
1. Не пытайтесь самостоятельно расшифровать файлы.
2. Не пытайтесь перезагрузить компьютер.
Код расшифровки:

Ransom note delivered by yet another variant of Cobra Locker ransomware ("readme.txt"):

Cobra Locker ransomware ransom note (readme.txt)

Text presented within:

Ooops! All your important files are encrypted!

All you important files are encrypted with AES 256 algoritm. No one can help you to restore files without our special decryptor.
All repair tools are useless.
If you want to restore some your files for free write to email and attach 2-3 encrypted files
(non-archived and your files should not contain valuable information like databases, backups, large excel sheets etc.)
You have to pay $300 in bitcoin to decrypt other files.
As soon as we get bitcoins you'll get all your decrypted data back.

P.S.
Remember we are not scammers

Contact:
1.Download tor browser (hxxps://www.torproject.org/)
2.Create account on mail2tor (hxxp://mail2tor2zyjdctd.onion/)
3.Write e-mail to us (CobraLocker@mail2tor.com)

That's all
Good luck and have fun

Screenshot of files encrypted by this Cobra Locker ransomware variant (".enc" extension):

Files encrypted by Cobra Locker ransomware (.enc extension)

Cobra Locker ransomware removal:

Instant automatic malware removal:

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Removal and file recovery procedure

If your files are encrypted with a new extension and a ransom note has appeared, you've been hit by ransomware. Don't pay. The procedure below works in order: contain the infection, identify the variant, remove the ransomware itself (so anything you restore doesn't get re-encrypted), and try to recover files using free decryption tools, Windows Volume Shadow Copies, or backups. Run a full system scan with Combo Cleaner to remove the infection - then move on to file recovery.

Common ransomware behaviors

VisibleEncrypts your files and renames them

The ransomware reads each file, encrypts the contents with the attacker's public key, and writes the encrypted bytes back to disk. Most variants also rename the file by appending a new extension - .net, .locked, .crypt, .lockbit, .djvu, etc. Without the matching private key, the encrypted files cannot be opened normally. Recovery depends on a free decryption tool, a recoverable Volume Shadow Copy, or a clean backup.

File Explorer showing files with ransomware-encrypted extension
VisibleDrops a ransom note in every encrypted folder

A text or HTML file (usually named HOW_TO_DECRYPT.txt, README.txt, _readme.txt, or similar) is placed in every folder that contains encrypted files. The note explains the situation, lists a payment amount in cryptocurrency, gives a deadline, and provides a contact email or .onion site. Save the note - don't delete it. Its exact wording, the email address, and the bitcoin wallet are how you identify the variant in the next phase.

Example ransom note text file with redacted contact information
VisibleReplaces the desktop wallpaper

Many ransomware variants change the Windows wallpaper to a black or red image with the ransom message and instructions. The wallpaper is just a visual scare tactic - it doesn't add any actual capability and reverts to normal once the ransomware is removed. Photograph it before removal in case the contact details are useful for variant identification or for reporting to authorities.

Example ransomware desktop wallpaper takeover
HiddenDeletes Volume Shadow Copies

One of the first things modern ransomware does after launching is run vssadmin delete shadows /all /quiet to wipe Windows' built-in Volume Shadow Copies - the snapshots that Previous Versions and System Restore rely on. Some ransomware doesn't fully succeed (especially on systems where the user lacks full admin rights), leaving partial shadow copies recoverable. Phase 4 step 11 covers how to check what survived.

Command prompt vssadmin list shadows output
HiddenDisables Windows Defender and other security tools

Before encrypting, the ransomware tries to silence anything that could alert you or block it - Windows Defender real-time protection, third-party antivirus services, backup agents (Veeam, Acronis), and sometimes the Windows Event Log service. It often modifies Group Policy or registry keys to keep these off after reboot. Phase 3 step 9 explicitly turns Tamper Protection back on so the next ransomware attempt can't repeat the trick.

Windows Security with Defender disabled by malware
HiddenSpreads laterally to other PCs on the network

Network-aware ransomware (LockBit, Conti, BlackCat, Akira families) doesn't stop at the first machine. It scans for SMB shares, mapped drives, and other PCs on the same network, then encrypts whatever it can reach. On Windows domains, a single compromised user with admin rights can lead to all-domain encryption. This is why Phase 1 step 2 disconnects the network as the very first action - it stops the spread immediately.

HiddenSteals data before encrypting (double extortion)

Modern ransomware (LockBit, BlackCat / ALPHV, Akira, Cl0p, Royal) almost always exfiltrates data before encrypting. The attacker then runs a "double extortion" play: pay the ransom for decryption, plus pay again to prevent the stolen data from being leaked on the group's leak site. Paying the first ransom does not get the leaked data back - assume that anything the ransomware could read was uploaded. This is one more reason not to pay: the data is already out.

Tools you'll need
Combo Cleaner Antivirus 7-days free trial
Recommended primary scanner. VB100 certified. Removes the ransomware infection so file recovery doesn't get re-encrypted.
Built into Windows. Scans before Windows fully loads to catch persistence the running scanners miss.
Microsoft's free on-demand scanner. Always-current signatures - the binary expires every 10 days.
ID Ransomware Free · web
Upload a ransom note and a sample encrypted file - identifies the variant family and tells you whether a free decryptor exists.
Joint project of Europol, Dutch Police, and security vendors. Free decryption tools indexed by ransomware family.
Browse Windows Volume Shadow Copies as a normal file tree - useful when ransomware partially failed to delete them.
Recuva Free
Deleted-file recovery. Long-shot for ransomware - only helps if the variant deleted unencrypted originals before encrypting copies.
Phase 1~ 5 min
Don't pay & contain

1

Don't pay the ransom

1 min · read⚠ Do not skip

Paying the ransom does not guarantee you'll get your files back. Major ransomware response studies consistently show that a meaningful percentage of paying victims either receive a non-working decryptor, only partial decryption, or no decryptor at all. Beyond that:

  • Paying confirms you as a willing target - re-attack rates within 12 months are high
  • Several ransomware groups have been sanctioned (US OFAC, UK OFSI). Paying these groups may be illegal under sanctions law in your country
  • The ransom funds the next attack - on you or someone else
  • Modern ransomware almost always exfiltrates data first, so paying doesn't get the leaked data back. Assume anything the malware could read was uploaded
  • Decryptors, even when they work, often leave files corrupted because the encryption itself was buggy or rushed

The path below tries every legal, free recovery option first. Pay only as an absolute last resort, after consulting a lawyer and your country's cyber crime authority.

2

Disconnect from the network and log out of cloud storage

2 minNo tool needed

Pull the Ethernet cable and turn off Wi-Fi on the affected PC. If multiple computers share the network, do the same on every machine you suspect could be affected, including any servers and NAS units.

Then sign out of cloud storage clients (OneDrive, Dropbox, Google Drive, iCloud) from their app settings. If you can, pause the sync. Some ransomware uses the running sync client to push encrypted versions over your clean cloud copies.

Why this matters

Modern ransomware spreads laterally across SMB shares, mapped drives, RDP, and reachable network neighbors. Disconnecting stops the spread the moment you do it. Logging out of cloud sync clients prevents the ransomware from encrypting the cloud copies of your files via the sync API.

3

Unplug external drives and USB storage

1 minNo tool needed

Safely eject any external drives, USB sticks, SD cards, and network-attached storage shares - then unplug them. If a drive was connected when the ransomware ran, the files on it may already be encrypted, but unplugging stops further damage.

Critically: don't reconnect any drive (including your most recent backup) to this PC until the ransomware is removed in Phase 3. Reconnecting an external backup to an actively-infected PC is the most common way that backup gets encrypted too.

Phase 2~ 5 min
Identify the variant

4

Save the ransom note and a sample encrypted file

2 min

Copy the ransom note and one small encrypted file (under 1 MB) to a USB stick, or photograph the note with your phone. You'll need both for the variant identification step.

The ransom note is usually one of:

  • A .txt file in every encrypted folder (typically HOW_TO_DECRYPT.txt, README.txt, or _readme.txt)
  • An .html file with the same purpose
  • A changed desktop wallpaper - photograph it
  • A lock-screen interrupt that runs at startup - rarer
Important

Don't delete the note. Variant identification depends on its exact wording, the contact email, and the bitcoin wallet address. The note is also evidence if you report to authorities.

5

Identify the variant with ID Ransomware

Tool: ID Ransomware3 min

From a clean device (your phone is fine, or another PC that wasn't on the affected network), visit id-ransomware.malwarehunterteam.com. Upload the ransom note and the sample encrypted file. The site identifies the variant family and tells you whether a free decryptor exists.

Pro tip

ID Ransomware is run by the Malware Hunter Team. Files you upload are kept private - they're used for analysis, not published. If you're concerned about uploading data anyway, you can paste the contact email and bitcoin wallet from the note - those are often enough for identification.

ID Ransomware identification result for a sample variant
Phase 3~ 30-45 min
Remove the ransomware

The ransomware itself must be removed before any file recovery. If it's still active, anything you restore in Phase 4 gets re-encrypted within minutes.

6

Boot to Safe Mode with Networking and download the scanners

5 min

Safe Mode loads only the minimal Windows drivers, which prevents most ransomware from auto-running while you set up the scanners.

Windows 11: open Settings → System → Recovery, click Restart now next to Advanced startup. After the restart, click Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings → Restart, then press 5 or F5.

Windows 10: click the Windows logo, hold Shift, click the Power icon and choose Restart. From the Choose-an-option screen, click Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings → Restart, then press F5.

Once Safe Mode has loaded, turn Wi-Fi back on and download Combo Cleaner (used in step 8) and Microsoft Safety Scanner (used in step 9). Save both installers to your Desktop, then disconnect Wi-Fi again before scanning.

7

Run Microsoft Defender Offline

Tool: Built into Windows15 min

Reboot to normal Windows. Open Windows Security → Virus & threat protection → Scan options. Select Microsoft Defender Antivirus (offline scan) and click Scan now. The PC restarts into a stripped-down environment and scans the disk before Windows fully loads.

Why this comes first

Some ransomware variants drop bootkit components or kernel hooks that hide from any scanner running on the same Windows session that's already infected. A pre-boot offline scan sees the disk before the malware can load itself.

Recommended antivirus
Combo Cleaner

VB100 certified. Includes anti-trojan, registry/persistence scanning, and anti-spyware in one pass. The 7-day free trial is available.

Download Combo Cleaner
8

Run a full Combo Cleaner scan

Tool: Combo Cleaner20-40 min

Run the installer you downloaded in step 6 and start a full system scan (not the quick scan). Let it complete, review what it detected, and apply the recommended actions. Combo Cleaner quarantines the ransomware executable and the registry / scheduled-task entries that re-launch it on reboot.

Combo Cleaner full system scan results showing the detected ransomware family
9

Run Microsoft Safety Scanner and re-enable Defender

Tool: MSERT15 min

Run Microsoft Safety Scanner (MSERT.exe) as a second-opinion full scan. The binary expires every 10 days so the copy you downloaded has the latest signatures.

Once it finishes, open Windows Security → Virus & threat protection → Manage settings and confirm Real-time protection, Cloud-delivered protection, and Tamper Protection are all on. Many ransomware variants disable Defender during the attack - this is where you switch it back on so the next attempt can't repeat the trick.

Why a second scan

Different scanning engines catch different threats. Running an additional Microsoft scan after Combo Cleaner is the most underused verification step in malware removal - and free.

Phase 4~ 30-60 min · results vary
Try to recover files

Try the steps in order. The first decryptor that works ends the recovery process - no need to do all four.

10

Check the No More Ransom Project for a free decryptor

Tool: nomoreransom.org★ Cleanest path if listed5 min

Visit nomoreransom.org and search the Decryption Tools list for the variant name returned by ID Ransomware. The project is run by Europol, the Dutch Police, and security vendors - everything listed is legitimate and free.

If a decryptor exists, download it onto a clean PC, copy it across, and follow its instructions exactly. Decryptors usually want you to point them at a sample encrypted file plus its known unencrypted version (sometimes any image you previously had a backup of works).

Free decryptors exist for parts of the STOP/Djvu, GandCrab, REvil, Avaddon, Conti and Hive families, among others. Most modern variants don't have public decryptors - if yours isn't listed, that's expected; move to the next step.

No More Ransom Project decryption tools list
11

Try Windows Volume Shadow Copies

Tool: Shadow Explorer / vssadmin15 min

Windows automatically creates Volume Shadow Copies of files when System Restore points are made or scheduled backups run. Most ransomware tries to wipe these (vssadmin delete shadows /all /quiet), but the deletion sometimes fails partially - especially if the running user doesn't have full admin rights. When it does fail, snapshots survive that contain pre-encryption versions of your files.

First, check what's there. Open Command Prompt as Administrator and run:

vssadmin list shadows

If you see entries listed, shadow copies survived. To restore from them:

  • Built-in: right-click any folder → Properties → Previous Versions tab. Pick a snapshot dated before the infection and restore.
  • Better tool for browsing: install Shadow Explorer (free). It shows all snapshots as a normal file tree and lets you copy out only the files you want.
Why check this even when there's a decryptor

Shadow Copies recover the original files exactly, with no risk of decryption errors. If they survived, this is faster and cleaner than running a decryptor on the encrypted set.

Shadow Explorer browsing pre-infection Volume Shadow Copies
12

Restore from cloud or external backup

Tool: your backup software30 min

If you have a backup that pre-dates the infection, this is the cleanest recovery available. Important precautions:

  • Don't reconnect a backup drive until Phase 3 is complete. If the ransomware is still active, plugging in the backup encrypts it too.
  • For cloud backups (OneDrive, Dropbox, Google Drive, iCloud), use the Version History feature to roll individual files back to pre-encryption versions.
  • OneDrive specifically has a "Restore your OneDrive" feature: if it detected mass file changes, you can roll back the entire account up to 30 days. Sign in at OneDrive on the web, click the Settings gear, and choose Restore your OneDrive. Microsoft 365 subscribers also get ransomware detection alerts; non-subscribers get one free recovery.
  • Verify the restored files open correctly before you delete the encrypted set. Test a few documents, photos, and any database / project files.
13

Try Recuva as a last-resort recovery

Tool: Recuva30 min

Recuva is a long shot, not a primary recovery tool. Most modern ransomware encrypts files in place - it reads the original, encrypts the data, and writes the encrypted bytes back to the same disk location. In that case, the original isn't deleted, just rewritten - and Recuva has nothing to find.

But for older or simpler variants that deleted originals before creating encrypted copies (rather than encrypting in place), Recuva can sometimes pull the originals from unallocated disk space. Worth trying as a last resort, especially before you use the disk much further.

If you try it:

  • Stop using the disk as much as possible - every disk write reduces recovery odds
  • Run Recuva from a USB stick, not from the affected disk
  • Use Deep Scan mode (slower but the only mode worth running for this scenario)

Don't skip the steps above expecting Recuva to bail you out. It works in maybe 5-20% of cases, depending on the variant and how soon you try.

Phase 5~ 20 min + ongoing
Report & prevent re-infection

14

Report the attack to authorities

10-20 min

Even if your files aren't recovered, your report helps authorities track variants, attribute groups, and warn future victims. In some jurisdictions (especially the US and UK) early reporting can sometimes help recall a wired ransom payment via banking partners.

United States: ic3.gov (FBI) + stopransomware.gov (CISA)
United Kingdom: reportfraud.police.uk (Report Fraud, the successor to Action Fraud) + NCSC
Australia: ReportCyber
Germany: BKA
Netherlands: Politie
Poland: CERT Polska
Portugal: CNCS
EU (other): your national CERT

Save the report number - banks, insurers, and credit bureaus will ask for it. If you operate a business, you may also have legal disclosure obligations (GDPR in the EU, state breach laws in the US) that run on a 72-hour clock.

15

Plan 3-2-1 backups going forward

30 min initial

The single best defense against ransomware is a tested backup. Use the 3-2-1 rule:

  • 3 copies of your data
  • 2 different storage media (e.g., internal drive + external drive)
  • 1 offline / air-gapped copy (an external drive that isn't always connected)

Recommended cadence:

  • Daily: cloud sync (OneDrive, Dropbox, Google Drive) - convenient, but vulnerable if the ransomware reaches the sync folder. The Version History feature is what saves you
  • Weekly: external drive that you connect briefly, then disconnect - the air-gap is what protects against ransomware
  • Monthly: a second external drive stored off-site (different physical location) - protects against fire, theft, flood
Important

Test the backup at least once. Open a few files from it, check sizes match, restore one to a different folder. An untested backup isn't a backup - it's a hope.

16

Patch the entry point and monitor for 30 days

5 min/day · 30 days

Most reinfections happen via the same vector that worked the first time. Until you've patched the entry point, watch for:

  • Unusual disk activity, unexpected file modifications, or unfamiliar processes in Task Manager
  • Unexpected reboots or new accounts you didn't create
  • Defender or your antivirus turning itself off again

Common entry vectors and what to do about each:

  • Phishing email with a malicious attachment - review email filters and train yourself / staff to recognise the patterns - see pcrisk's Phishing/Scam reference
  • Exposed RDP with weak passwords - disable Remote Desktop from Settings → System → Remote Desktop if you don't need it. If you do, put it behind a VPN and require a long password plus MFA
  • Unpatched VPN appliances or public-facing apps - check the vendor's advisories page and apply the latest firmware
  • Cracked / pirated software - was the most common vector for STOP/Djvu in particular. Don't run software from torrent sites

Run a Combo Cleaner scan weekly for the first month. Update Windows, browsers, and applications aggressively.

Important: Removing a ransomware infection requires a full system scan, not a manual file delete. If you're not confident with the manual procedure, run an automated scan with Combo Cleaner and Windows Defender and stop there - that combination removes the vast majority of consumer ransomware variants. Then move to Phase 4 for file recovery, or to Phase 5 if your files are unrecoverable and you need to start fresh from a clean Windows install.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How was my computer hacked and how did hackers encrypt my files?

Threat actors often trick users into infecting computers with ransomware through phishing emails, pirated software, malicious websites and ads, and deceptive downloads. They exploit human vulnerabilities by disguising malicious content as legitimate, leading users to unwittingly click on links or download infected files, enabling the ransomware to infiltrate and encrypt files.

How to open files encrypted by Cobra Locker?

Your files have been encrypted due to a successful ransomware attack. In order to open and use these files, a decryption is necessary.

Where should I look for free decryption tools for Cobra Locker ransomware?

In case of a ransomware attack you should check the No More Ransom project website (more information above).

I can pay you a lot of money, can you decrypt files for me?

Our services do not include such assistance. Decrypting files encrypted by ransomware is usually only possible with developer or distributor intervention unless there are flaws in the ransomware. Consequently, any third party offering paid decryption is likely to either act as an intermediary or engage in fraudulent activities.

Will Combo Cleaner help me remove Cobra Locker ransomware?

Combo Cleaner will conduct a system scan and eradicate ransomware, serving as the initial step in resolving the issue. While it successfully eliminates ransomware, it is essential to understand that security tools cannot decrypt files.

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Tomas Meskauskas

Tomas Meskauskas

Expert security researcher, professional malware analyst

I am passionate about computer security and technology. I have an experience of over 10 years working in various companies related to computer technical issue solving and Internet security. I have been working as an author and editor for pcrisk.com since 2010. Follow me on Twitter and LinkedIn to stay informed about the latest online security threats.

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