How to eliminate the SteelFox from your operating system

What kind of malware is SteelFox?

SteelFox is a trojan – specifically, a malware bundle with its primary components including a data stealer and cryptocurrency miner. SteelFox infiltrates systems through a sophisticated infection chain.

This trojan has been around since at least 2023, and it was noted being proliferated under the guise of illegal software activation tools ("cracks"). The SteelFox campaign is active worldwide, with the most infections registered in Brazil, China, Russia, Mexico, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Algeria, Vietnam, India, and Sri Lanka.

SteelFox malware overview

SteelFox refers to a malicious bundle comprising dropper, loader, miner, and stealer. Typically, the malware infiltrates devices disguised as "cracked" software. Hence, users themselves install SteelFox onto the system by attempting to obtain a pirated program.

The "cracking" process is functional and initially progresses as intended until files are unpacked – then malicious code is injected into the system. SteelFox's infection chain is sophisticated, as the malware can escalate its privileges by exploiting a vulnerable driver. It avoids detection by checking running processes, including those associated with anti-viruses and debugging software.

SteelFox ensures persistence using two mechanisms. The first is by auto-starting following each system reboot. The second is by launching AppInfo (Microsoft service for running interactive apps with additional admin privileges) and then loading itself into said service. This prevents any user interaction against SteelFox, as that requires NT Authority/SYSTEM – a built-in Windows account with the highest local system privileges.

SteelFox's dropper facilitates the introduction of the loader into the device. The latter is intended to load the cryptominer and stealer into the compromised machine. More information on SteelFox's infection chain can be read in our dedicated article.

The miner used by this infection has been identified as a component of the XMRIG malware. Cryptominers operate by abusing system resources to generate cryptocurrency. While operating, miners can produce a lot of heat, thereby causing system crashes and possibly even hardware damage.

SteelFox's stealer targets a variety of sensitive data, such as system details (version, installation date, time zone, local time, etc.), drives (names, types [external/removable], free space), user accounts (local and remote, usernames, startup info, passwords, etc.), network data (wireless interfaces, passwords, etc.), SIM-card details (if applicable), processes (running services, memory usage, etc.), desktop (present icons), and RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) session details.

Additionally, the stealer seeks to extract information from installed browsers (full list below) like browsing histories, Internet cookies, and saved credit card numbers.

It must be mentioned that malware developers often improve upon their software and methodologies. Currently, there have been several improvements to SteelFox's anti-detection capabilities, but more developments are not unlikely.

To summarize, the presence of software like SteelFox on devices can result in decreased system performance, data loss, severe privacy issues, hardware damage, financial losses, and identity theft.

Similar malware examples

We have investigated and written about countless malicious programs. Amnesia is an example of a malware with mining and data-stealing functions; Grand Explorer, Altruistics, Minas – are a couple of our articles on miners, and Muck, XAVIER ERA, PureStealer – on stealers.

It must be emphasized that regardless of how malicious software operates – its presence on a system endangers device integrity and user safety. Hence, all threats must be eliminated immediately upon detection.

How did SteelFox infiltrate my computer?

As previously mentioned, SteelFox is distributed under the guise of "cracks" for legitimate software like AutoCAD, Foxit PDF Editor, and JetBrains. The "cracking" tools were promoted via Torrenting websites, forum posts, and blogs. High activity of the SteelFox endorsement campaigns was noted on Russian Torrent trackers and Baidu services.

It is pertinent to mention that SteelFox could be spread using other methods aside from illegal program activation ("cracking") tools. Phishing and social engineering are standard in malware distribution. Malicious software is typically disguised as or bundled with legitimate/innocent-sounding content.

Infectious files come in various formats, e.g., archives (ZIP, RAR, etc.), executables (.exe, .run, etc.), documents (Microsoft Office, Microsoft OneNote, PDF, etc.), JavaScript, and so forth.

Widespread distribution techniques include: dubious download sources (e.g., freeware and free file-hosting sites, Peer-to-Peer sharing networks, etc.), software "cracks", drive-by (stealthy/deceptive) downloads, malicious attachments/links in spam (e.g., emails, DMs/PMs, social media posts, etc.), malvertising, online scams, and fake updates.

Furthermore, some malicious programs can self-proliferate through local networks and removable storage devices (e.g., external hard drives, USB flash drives, etc.).

How to avoid installation of malware?

We strongly recommend downloading only from official and verified channels. Programs must be activated and updated using legitimate functions/tools, as those obtained from third-parties can contain malware.

Vigilance is key to online safety since the Internet is rife with deceptive and malicious content. Additionally, approach incoming emails and other messages with caution. Attachments or links present in suspicious/irrelevant mail must not be opened, as they can be virulent.

It is paramount for device and user safety to have a dependable anti-virus installed and kept updated. Security software must be used to run regular system scans and to remove detected threats. If you believe that your computer is already infected, we recommend running a scan with Combo Cleaner Antivirus for Windows to automatically eliminate infiltrated malware.

Screenshot of SteelFox's software "crack" interface:

How to remove malware manually?

Most trojan infections can be removed by running a full system scan with Combo Cleaner. The full manual procedure below is for cases where automatic removal failed, where you want to verify a scan caught everything, or where the threat has multiple persistence points.

Tools you'll need

Combo Cleaner Antivirus 7-days free trial

Recommended primary scanner. VB100 certified. The 7-day free trial is available.

Microsoft Defender Offline Free · built-in

Built into Windows. Boots to a clean environment to catch rootkits.

Process Explorer Free

From Microsoft Sysinternals. Better than Task Manager - shows full paths and signatures.

Autoruns Free

From Microsoft Sysinternals. Lists every place malware can persist on your system.

Microsoft Safety Scanner (MSERT) Free

Official Microsoft on-demand scanner. Always-current signatures - expires every 10 days.

Phase 1~ 5 min

Contain - limit the damage

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1

Disconnect from the network

30 secNo tool needed

Unplug your Ethernet cable and turn off Wi-Fi. If you're on a laptop, the airplane-mode key works fastest.

Why this matters

Many trojans exfiltrate data - saved browser passwords, banking sessions, screenshots - and accept remote commands. Cutting the network stops both immediately. Keep it disconnected until Phase 4.

2

Boot into Safe Mode with Networking

3 min

Safe Mode loads a minimal set of drivers and stops most malware from auto-running. "With Networking" lets you download tools - re-enable Wi-Fi only after you've booted in.

Windows 11

Open Settings → System → Recovery. Click Restart now next to Advanced startup.

Your computer will restart into the "Choose an option" menu. Click Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings → Restart. After the second reboot, press 5 or F5.

Windows 10

Click the Windows logo, hold Shift, click the Power icon and choose Restart. In the Choose an option screen, click Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup Settings → Restart. Press F5.

Windows 8

Go to the Start Screen, type Advanced, select Settings → Advanced startup options → Restart now → Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Startup settings → Restart → F5.

Note: Windows 8 reached end-of-life in January 2023 - running on it puts you at much higher risk of reinfection.

Windows 7

Click Start → Shut Down → Restart → OK. As the system boots, press F8 repeatedly until the Windows Advanced Options menu appears, then choose Safe Mode with Networking.

Note: Windows 7 reached end-of-life in January 2020 - running on it puts you at much higher risk of reinfection.

Phase 2~ 15 min

Identify - find what's hiding

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3

Inspect running processes with Process Explorer

Tool: Process Explorer5 min

Download Process Explorer from Microsoft Sysinternals. Run it as Administrator. Click Options → Verify Image Signatures and View → Lower Pane View → DLLs.

Sort by "Verified Signer." Anything unsigned running from %AppData%, %LocalAppData%, %Temp%, or %ProgramData% is suspicious. Right-click → Properties to see the full image path. Right-click → "Search Online" to look up unfamiliar process names.

Why not just Task Manager

Task Manager hides full file paths, doesn't show digital signatures, and groups processes in ways that make malware easy to miss. Process Explorer is the same tool Microsoft engineers use.

4

Map every persistence point with Autoruns

Tool: Autoruns 14.x10 min

Download Autoruns. Right-click Autoruns.exe and choose Run as administrator - without elevation, Autoruns can't inspect protected registry hives.

In the menu, open Options → Hide Microsoft Entries and Options → Hide Empty Locations, then click Refresh.

Modern trojans don't just live in startup. Walk through these tabs and look for unsigned or unfamiliar entries:

• Logon - classic Run/RunOnce keys
• Scheduled Tasks - frequent hiding spot, especially tasks with PowerShell, MSHTA, or rundll32 actions
• Services - unsigned services in non-Microsoft folders
• WMI - Event Subscriptions are a stealthy persistence mechanism (MITRE T1546.003)
• Image Hijacks - Image File Execution Options "Debugger" abuse
• AppInit - DLLs loaded into every GUI process
• Browser plug-ins - unsigned add-ons across all installed browsers

Pro tip

Right-click any suspicious entry → "Jump to Image" to see the actual file. Right-click → "Search Online" opens VirusTotal for the file hash. Don't delete yet - just write down the file paths and entry names. We'll remove them after the scans.

5

Check the hosts file and DNS settings

3 minBuilt into Windows

Trojans often redirect bank, antivirus, and update domains to attacker-controlled servers by editing the hosts file or DNS settings.

Hosts file: Open Notepad as Administrator and open C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts. Legitimate entries are commented with #. Any uncommented IP-to-domain mapping is suspicious - especially redirects for microsoft.com, windowsupdate, or your bank.

DNS settings: Open Command Prompt as Administrator and run ipconfig /all. Confirm your DNS servers point to your ISP, your router, or a known public resolver (Cloudflare 1.1.1.1, Google 8.8.8.8). Then open Settings → Network & internet → [your adapter] → DNS server assignment and verify both DNS and DNS over HTTPS (DoH) settings haven't been hijacked.

Why this matters

A clean PC with hijacked DNS is still a compromised PC. You'll think you're at chase.com and you'll be at the attacker's clone.

Phase 3~ 60-90 min

Remove - three scans, one cleanup

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No single antivirus catches everything. The order below is intentional: offline scan first (catches rootkits before Windows fully loads), then on-demand scanners on the running system, then manual cleanup of anything they missed.

6

Run Microsoft Defender Offline

Tool: Built into Windows15 min

Reboot to normal Windows. Open Windows Security → Virus & threat protection → Scan options. Select Microsoft Defender Antivirus (offline scan) and click Scan now. Your computer will restart into a stripped-down environment and scan before the full operating system loads.

Why this comes first

Rootkits and bootkits hide from any scanner running on the same Windows session that's already infected. A pre-boot offline scan sees the disk before the malware can hide itself.

Recommended antivirus

Combo Cleaner

VB100 certified. Includes anti-trojan, registry/persistence scanning, anti-spyware in one pass. The 7-day free trial is available.

Download Combo Cleaner

7

Run Combo Cleaner full system scan

Tool: Combo Cleaner20-40 min

Install Combo Cleaner and run a full system scan (not the quick scan). Let it complete fully, review the detected threats, and apply the recommended actions. Combo Cleaner will quarantine known trojans and registry persistence.

8

Run Microsoft Safety Scanner as a second-opinion scan

Tool: Microsoft Safety Scanner15 min

Download Microsoft Safety Scanner (MSERT.exe), Microsoft's free on-demand tool. The binary expires every 10 days, which means every download has the latest signatures. Run a full scan after Combo Cleaner to catch anything one engine alone might miss.

Why a second scan

Different scanning engines catch different threats. Running an additional Microsoft scan after Combo Cleaner is the single most underused verification step in malware removal.

9

Manually remove anything still listed in Autoruns

Tool: Autoruns10 min

Reopen Autoruns. Anything you flagged in Step 4 that's still present hasn't been caught by the automated scans. For each remaining suspicious entry: right-click → Delete in Autoruns (this removes the persistence registration), then navigate to the file path and delete the actual file. Empty the Recycle Bin.

Important

Some malware files reappear after deletion because something else on the system recreates them. If you delete a file and it returns within minutes, you have a remaining persistence point that Autoruns didn't show - usually a service or scheduled task running under SYSTEM. Re-run the scans from Steps 6-8 or proceed to a clean install (see end of guide).

Phase 4~ 15 min

Recover - restore browsers and security

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10

Reset browsers and clear notification permissions

5 min

Trojans and adware frequently hijack browsers - change the default search engine, install rogue extensions, or grant themselves notification permissions to keep displaying scam pop-ups even after the malware is gone.

• Chrome: visit chrome://settings/reset and click "Restore settings to their original defaults." Then visit chrome://settings/content/notifications and remove any unfamiliar sites.
• Edge: visit edge://settings/reset. Then check edge://settings/content/notifications.
• Firefox: open about:support and click Refresh Firefox (Firefox uses "Refresh," not "Reset"). Then check Settings → Privacy & Security → Permissions → Notifications.

Review installed extensions in each browser and remove anything you don't recognize, especially extensions you didn't install yourself.

11

Re-enable Defender, Tamper Protection, and update everything

10 min

Many trojans disable security software. Open Windows Security → Virus & threat protection → Manage settings and confirm Real-time protection, Cloud-delivered protection, and Tamper Protection are all turned on. Tamper Protection prevents malware from disabling Defender silently.

Then run Windows Update (Settings → Windows Update → Check for updates) and update your browsers and applications. The infection vector that let the trojan in originally usually involves outdated software.

Phase 5~ 15 min + 7 days

Verify & secure

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12

Change passwords from a clean device

20 min⚠ Critical

If the trojan was an info-stealer (Lumma, RedLine, Vidar, and similar are extremely common), assume every password saved in your browser is compromised. Change them from a different, known-clean device - your phone is fine if it's not infected.

Recommended order:

1. Primary email first - it's the recovery hub for everything else
2. Banking and financial accounts
3. Password manager master password (if you use one)
4. Social media, shopping, and remaining accounts

Where available, enable phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication (passkeys / FIDO2 hardware keys / authenticator apps) - SMS-based MFA is bypassable by sophisticated attackers.

13

Verify the clean and monitor for 7 days

5 min + 1 week monitoring

Reconnect to the network and run one final full scan with Combo Cleaner. Open Task Manager (Ctrl + Shift + Esc) and switch to the Startup apps tab - confirm nothing suspicious has reappeared.

Over the next 7 days, watch for symptom recurrence: unexpected high CPU usage, unknown processes returning, browser redirects, or pop-ups. If anything returns, you missed a persistence point and the procedure needs to be repeated - or you may have a deeper compromise that requires a clean install.

When to clean install Windows instead

Manual removal isn't always the right answer. Reinstalling Windows from scratch is the only way to be 100% certain when:

• The malware reappears after every removal attempt
• A bootkit or UEFI rootkit was detected (this class of threat sits below the operating system and survives a normal Windows reinstall)
• A confirmed credential-theft trojan ran with administrator privileges (Lumma, RedLine, Vidar) - the system likely has multiple unknown payloads
• The PC is used for online banking, business email, or anything where partial doubt isn't acceptable

A clean install is a 30-60 minute process: Windows 11 reinstall via Settings → System → Recovery → Reset this PC → Remove everything → Cloud download. Back up documents to external storage first, scan the backup with Combo Cleaner before restoring it, and reinstall applications fresh - never restore them from a backup of the infected system.

Important: Manual removal requires advanced computer skills. If you're not confident identifying system files from malicious files, run an automated scan with Combo Cleaner and Windows Defender and stop there - that path catches the vast majority of consumer trojans without the risk of breaking Windows by deleting the wrong file.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

My computer is infected with SteelFox malware, should I format my storage device to get rid of it?

Malware removal rarely requires formatting.

What are the biggest issues that SteelFox malware can cause?

The dangers posed by an infection depend on the malware's capabilities and cyber criminals' goals. SteelFox can collect vulnerable information (such as credit card details) and abuse system resources to mine cryptocurrency. Generally, infections of this kind can lead to decreased system performance, data loss, severe privacy issues, hardware damage, financial losses, and identity theft.

What is the purpose of SteelFox malware?

Most infections are motivated by profit. However, malware can also be used to amuse the attackers, realize personal grudges, disrupt processes (e.g., websites, services, companies, etc.), engage in hacktivism, and launch politically/geopolitically motivated attacks.

How did SteelFox malware infiltrate my computer?

SteelFox has been distributed disguised as illegal software activation tools ("cracks") for popular software. The pirated programs were endorsed through Torrent sites, forum posts, and blogs. Other proliferation methods are not unlikely.

Generally, malware is spread via suspicious download sources (e.g., unofficial and free file-hosting websites, P2P sharing networks, etc.), program "cracking" tools, fake updates, drive-by downloads, spam mail, online scams, and malvertising. Some malicious programs can even self-proliferate through local networks and removable storage devices.

Will Combo Cleaner protect me from malware?

Combo Cleaner is designed to scan systems and remove all kinds of threats. It can detect and eliminate nearly all known malware infections. Note that high-end malicious programs usually hide deep within systems – hence, performing a complete system scan is essential.